ANCIENT AND NEW MENORAHS - 3rd Century AD / CE

This website shows ancient Menorahs from the third century. Menorah illustrations from other centuries: Ancient Menorahs until the 1st century, 2nd century4th century, 5th century6th-10th century, 11th-13th century, 14th century15th century, 16th century, 17th century, 18th century, 19th century, 20th century, 21st century  and  Coins.

Ancient gold medallion menorah with Jewish symbols, Byzantine Empire Jewish Museum London

3rd-6th century. Ancient medallion with Jewish symbols incl. menorah. Byzantine Empire. 6cm diameter. The Jewish Museum London. Please see also the gold medallion from the 7th century (10cm diameter). Source: Link

Ancient Gold ring menorah shofar Roman

3rd-4th century. Gold ring with menorah. Intaglio 9x11x3 mm; ring diam. 19x16 mm; gr. 5,58. A rare, roman nicolo intaglio, mounted in an ancient gold ring. Menorah. The seven-armed chandelier ends with a three-edged base (the tripode base typology can be observed in numerous coeval artifacts, for ex. Mosaics, relief depictions on engravings on stone or marble). Besides, we can see some attributes: a bunch of grapes and a small horn (shofar) on the left; a leafy branch on the right.  Link

Ancient menorah, Bronze Roman Ring with Menorah, 3rd century

3rd century. Roman Ring with Menorah. A bronze finger ring with beaded outer face, discoid bezel with intaglio menorah symbol. Size: 4.51 grams, 27.23 mm overall, 20.27 mm internal diameter (approximate size British U 1/2, USA 10 1/2, Europe 23.59, Japan 22) (1"). From a home counties collection; formed 1970-1980. LiveAuctioneers, 2018 Lot 0831. Source: Link

Ancient menorah, 3rd-4th century AD. Ancient lead bifacial seal menorah

3rd-4th century AD. Ancient lead bifacial seal, menorah within a circular border to one face, Hebrew text to the reverse, bottom line possibly reading דויד or דוד for 'David'. Size: 7.09 grams, 24mm (1"). TimeLine Auctions Ltd. Source:  Link1  Link2

ancient menorah, bone plaque with seven-armed candelabrum menorah 3rd-4th century

3rd-4th century.  A carved rectangular bone plaque with attachment hole at each corner, reserved seven-armed candelabrum (menorah) between two bushes with foliage to one end, objects in the field. Size: 7.93 grams, 63mm (2 1/2"). TimelineAuctions. Source:  Link1Link2

Ancient menorah, Judea. Ancient black glass token featuring a menorah

3rd-5th century. Judea. Ancient black glass token featuring a menorah. Some light pitting and age deposits. Probably a fabric decoration with the menorah in repoussé, pierced for attachment, one corner now lost. Dimensions: 23x22 mm; 0.49g. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Judaea. Lead Tesserae with seven-armed candlestick (menorah) between shofar on the left and palm branch

3rd-7th century? (Age was not specified at the source). Lead Tesserae, Judaea. Seven-armed candlestick (menorah) between shofar (?) on the left and palm branch on the right, with Greek legends fragments above. Reverse: Smooth surface without embossing. 16 mm. 2.10 g. Solidus. Source: Link

Ancient Roman stone pendant menorah

200-400 AD. Ancient Roman ignostic stone pendant with menorah. Dimensions: 26 X 21 X 8 MM. Source: Link 

Herbrew Roman glass Menorah pendants

200-400 AD. Hebrew-Roman. Lot of two superb "glass Menorah pendants". First a white tiny glass seven branch menorah with some iridescence throughout with translucent body. Dimensions: 16 x 1.5 mm [0.8 grams]. Also a nice mauve pendant with loop depicting 7 branch Menorah. Heavy deposit with attractive very nice iridescence on both sides. Size: 24 mm [2,7 grams]. Montreal Collection. LiveAuctioneers, 2008 Lot 0195. Source: Link

3rd Century ancient glass menorah pendant

3rd-5th century? Antique glass menorah as a pendant. A special feature is the cross in the upper part above the menorah. Source: From a private collection.

Ancient Near Eastern Judaic Glass Menorah Pendant

3rd-7th century? (1st millennium). Near Eastern Judaic Glass Menorah Pendant. A discoid pale amber glass pendant with integral loop, raised menorah motif to one face. 6.02 grams, 29mm (1 1/4"). From an important London collection. Live-Auctioneers, 2014, Lot 213. Source: Link

Byzantine Glass Pendant Menorah Roman, 2nd century

200-400 AD. Roman – Byzantine glass Menorah pendant. Dark blue color glass stamped with an image of the Menorah. Length including loop: 2.2 cm. Provenance: Private collection, NYC. Source: Link 

ancient menorah bronze stamp

3rd-6th century AD. A rectangular bronze stamp with raised rim, Jewish symbols in raised relief, including a large seven-branched menorah on a tripod base at the centre, a shofar to the left, a lulav and shovel to the right; loop handle to the reverse. LiveAuctioneers, Lot 0154, 2019. Source: Link  

For several similar examples see the stamps from the 4th century

Dura Europos Synagogue Menorah, Dura Europos Synagogue Aaron Tabernacle

244-246 AD. Dura Europos Synagogue: Aaron and the Inauguration of the Tabernacle. Aaron, in the garb of the High Priest, stands beside the Tent of Meeting, within which is the Ark of the Covenant. Five other figures represent Aaron`s sons and the Levitical clans. Source:  Link1Link2,  Link3Link4 

Ancient menorah, Jewish candlestick Menorah in Dura Europos 245 AD CE

245-246 AD. The earliest example of Jewish narrative art, the synagogue murals at Dura Europos. The crowning facade of the Torah niche features a large menorah with seven straight arms radiating from a massive base, quite unlike any menorah image of its time. Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3,  Link4Link5,  Link6

Ancient synagogue menorah, Dura Europos Synagogue, Syria. Wall painting (Decoration) with menorah, Moses touches stone in Sinai for water

245-246 AD. Dura Europos Synagogue, Syria. Wall painting with menorah. Moses wearing a toga touches the stone in the Sinai to bring forth water. Copyright: Center for Jewish Art.  Link1  Link2  Link3 - "This startling discovery contains dozens of images of Biblical scenes which were strictly prohibited by the 2nd of the 10 Commandments. There is no need to marvel however because this "synagogue" is not Jewish at all but a fake Samaritan imitation, the veritable synagogue of Satan".  Link1,  Link2

Ancient menorah mosaic in Sepphoris Zippori a major Roman and Byzantine city, 3rd-5th century

3rd-5th century. Ancient menorah mosaic in Sepphoris (Zippori) which was a major Roman and Byzantine city, the capital and heart of the Galilee province. The synagogue was a refuge for Jews pushed out of Jerusalem after the fall of the 2nd Temple. Source: Link

ancient mosaic menorah, mosaic floor of the first Samaritan Synagogue at Sha’ Alvim

3rd-4th century. A mosaic floor of the first Samaritan Synagogue at Sha’ Alvim. Found in 1948. Source:  Link1Link2 

ancient Menorah mosaic Hammath Tiberias Galilee, seven armed candelabrum mosaic

3rd-6th century. Tiberias (Galilee) became an important Jewish city and several synagogues were built in Hammath. The Ark of the Covenant flanked by 2 menorahs. There are also other cult objects:  4 species from the feast of Tabernacles/Sukkot, pair of horns and incense shovels. The panel representing the pagan zodiac wheel with Helios and the seasons, is situated at the center of the nave, between the panels of the sanctuary implements to the south.  Link1,  Link2Link3Link4,  Link5

Ancient Ein Gedi's Ancient Synagogue menorah mosaic

3rd-6th century. Ancient Ein Gedi's Ancient Synagogue mosaic detail. A seven-branched menorah graces the synagogue mosaic floor. A Hebrew and Aramaic inscription in the left aisle lists the 13 forefathers of mankind, the 12 signs of the zodiac, thanks the benefactors and curses community members who do not keep the rules of the village. Archeologists believe that the settlement came to the end by the late 6th century. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Ancient Synagogue mosaic menorah discovered at Ma’oz-Hayyim, mosaic floor menorah Maoz, 3rd century

3rd-7th century. Ancient Synagogue mosaic with menorah discovered at Ma’oz-Hayyim. The Maoz Haim Synagogue was originally constructed in the 3rd century as a simple Byzantine-era type basilica building, later apsidical, in the Beit She'an region in northern Israel. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Antiquity Synagogue in ancient Philipopolis, Bulgaria’s Plovdiv, depict a large menorah

3rd century. Unique restored foor mosaics from the Antiquity Synagogue in ancient Philipopolis, Bulgaria’s Plovdiv, depict a large menorah. Bulgaria’s only Jewish temple from the Antiquity period, have been restored by the Plovdiv Museum of Archaeology. Photo: 24 Chasa daily. Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3 

Gold glass fragment depicting a menorah from Rome

250-410 AD. Gold glass fragment depicting a menorah. Provenance: Rome. Material: glass, gold. ©2018 University of Oxford, Ashmolean Museum. Source: Link

 

Bronze Hook for an oil lamp, decorated with a menorah

3rd–4th century. Bronze Hook for an oil lamp, decorated with a menorah. Khirbet Wadi Hamam (near the sea of Galilee). Israel Antiquities Authority. Accession number: IAA 2011-972. Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Source: Link1 

Ancient oil Lamps Menorah 3rd century

Various oil lamps with a Menorah. See: Ancient Menorah Oil Lamps -  3rd Century 

Ancient tombstone menorah copy Synagogue Agora of Athens Greece

3rd-5th century. Ancient tombstone. Copy of a marble revetment plaque with Menorah, Lulav and Ethrog found not far from the Synagogue in the Agora of Athens. This copy was made through the assistance of Prof. Homer Thompson, Field Prof. Emeritus of the Agora excavation. The original is in the Agora. The Jewish Museum of Greece. Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3Link4 

Sepphoris (Zippori, Galilee), menorah and inscription Sephoris

3rd-5th century. Plaque. Menorah and inscription from Sepphoris (Sephoris, Zippori), a village and an archaeological site located in the central Galilee region of Israel, 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) north-northwest of Nazareth. Center for Jewish Art. Source: Link1,  Link2Link3

Ancient menorah, 3rd-4th century. Two synagogues in Stobi, Synagogue menorah graffiti. Macedonia

3rd-4th century. Two synagogues in Stobi, Synagogue phase II, room 3, menorah graffiti. Origin: Macedonia FYR, Stobi (20 km south of town of Veles), Greek-speaking Jewish Community. Photographer: Zoya Arshavsky. Photograph Copyright: Center for Jewish Art Source:  Link1Link2

carved menorah Sardis Turkey

3rd-6th century. Two menorahs carved on the wall of shop E7, Sardis, Turkey. ©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College. Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3

 Menorah graffito stone Sardis Turkey

3rd-4th century (?). Menorah graffito incised on late Roman terrace wall in sector Field 55, Sardis (Turkey) with architect Brianna Bricker and archaeologist Lauren DiSalvo. ©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College. Source:  Link1Link2

 

Sardis Menorah plaque from Sardis Turkey

3rd-5th century (?). Menorah plaque from Sardis (Turkey), sector Field 55 (S14.003). ©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis/President and Fellows of Harvard College. Source:  Link1Link2

Marble menorah from the Synagogue in Sardis Turkey

3rd-4th century. Marble menorah from the Synagogue in Sardis, Turkey. Freestanding marble menorah may have stood nearly 1 m high. Its seven thick branches support an incised crossbar with an inscription identifying Socrates, perhaps the name the donor. Sardis was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, one of the important cities of the Persian Empire, the seat of a proconsul under the Roman Empire, and the metropolis of the province Lydia in later Roman and Byzantine times.  Link1Link2

Menorah, Lulav and Shofar Marbe plaque Synagogue in Sardis Turkey

3rd-4th century. Marbe plaque from the Synagogue in Sardis, Turkey. The menorah or multi-branched candelabrum was an important part of the Synagogue’s interior furnishings. The largest is a rectangular relief panel of a menorah with flanking lulav and shofar, which may have belonged to a low barrier or screen. ©Archaeological Exploration of Sardis / President and Fellows of Harvard College. Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3,  Link4

Ancient marble menorah from synagogue Andriake Andriace Turkey

3rd-4th century. Ancient marble plaque from the synagogue of Andriake (Andriace), Turkey. The iconography of the menorah-spirals beneath each branch, palm frond and citron to its left, and a shofar to its right-is clearly Jewish and fits with the other menorahs with curls from Nicaea, Sardis... (Please see also a similar stone from Sobrarbe, Spain from 12th-14th century). Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3

Marble Burial Plaque Menorah from the Vigna Randanini catacomb Rome

3rd-4th century. Marble Burial Plaque. On an elegantly carved marble from the Vigna Randanini catacomb in Rome, a menorah illumines the tabula ansata above. This frame enclosed a now-faded epitaph. The familiar cult object - ethrog (citron), shofar, vessel, lulav (palm) - surround the sacred lampstand. Dimensions: 11 5/8 × 10 7/16 × 1 3/16 in. (29.5 × 26.5 × 3 cm). Image Copyright:  © The Jewish Museum, New York. Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3Link3

Ancient sarcophagus fragment carved marble seven-branched menorah Israel

3rd-4th century. Ancient sarcophagus fragment from Israel (?). Carved marble, showing a seven-branched menorah. 16 9/16 x 21 7/8 x 2 3/8 in. (42 x 55.6 x 6 cm). The Jewish Museum, New York. Source: Link

Priene menorah, ancient relief menorah on tripod from Priene Turkey, Museum Berlin

3rd-5th century. This ancient relief was found in the floor of the church at the Theater of Priene (ancient Greek city, today Turkey), but it is from an older building, probably from the synagogue found further downhill on Westgate Street. Menorah on a tripod, Torah scrolls, lulab, ethrog, shofar.  Museum für Byzantinische Kunst, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, Germany. Source:  Link1Link2Link3,  Link4Link5

menorah peacocks Ancient Priene Synagogue

3rd-4th century. Ancient Priene Synagogue. The Menorah is flanked by two peacocks. The arms were connected by a transverse rod. On the right is a Lulav. Marble slab. Dimensions: 77 x 61 x 9 cm. Source: Picture from the German Book "Im Licht der Menora. Jüdisches Leben in der römischen Provinz" 2014.

Sarona Lintel menorah birds, Galilee Menorah Palestine

3rd-5th century. A lintel from Sarona (Galilee) is decorated with birds flanking a menorah. This is the only other example of such a representation known to us from Palestine. A relief showings birds flanking a menorah was found in Priene in Asia Minor, and in one of the catacombs in Monteverde, Rome, and on an ossuary in Spain. Birds are on both sides of the Torah shrine in the Beth Alpha mosaic or on gold glass from Rome. Period: Late Roman and/or Byzantnine.  Link1Link2Link3

Esztergom-Solva menorah Hungary gravestone

3rd-4th century. Ancient 600 kilogram heavy gravestone with menorah from Esztergom-Solva in Hungary. 148 cm. Transcription according to Alexander Scheiber: "MEMORIA IVDATI PATIRI/ ET MEMORIA KAÇÇIE / EUL" = "Memorial for Juda, the father, and memorial for Kassia. Blessing!" Below, a three-footed menorah with rounded branches and indication of the light fittings on the cross-bar. Jewish Museum, Budapest. Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3,  Link4,  Link5Link6Link7

Nawa Menorah Lintel Syria

3rd century. Nawa, lintel of a Jewish house (probably built in the 3rd century AD) with 2 seven-armed candlesticks (menorah, Jewish symbol of God's presence, light, tree of life, eternal life) and tendril ornaments. Today the house is used as a stable. East foothills of the Golan, west of Shaykh Mishkin (Syria, southwest Syria, Dera). Nawa, Dera, Syria. AKG-Images. Source: Link

Corycus Korykos Menorah stone engraving, Turkey Cilicia

3rd-5th century (?). Korykos (Latin Corycus; Turkish: Kızkalesi; Region Cilicia) was an ancient Greek city, now in Turkey. The tomb inscriptions of the necropolises shows that at least from the Roman period in the city a noteworthy Jewish community existed. In 1931, Keil and Wilhelm identified among the over 500 inscriptions published by them ten of Jewish origin. Criteria were initially an engraved menorah and the names Ioudaios or Εβρέος (Hebreos).  Link1  Link2  Link3  Link4  Link5  Link6

Korykos seven-branched menorah Turkey

3rd-5th century (?). Necropolis at Korykos (lat. Corycus, modern Kızkalesi, southern Turkey, lintel with seven-branched chandelier in the northern wall of a warehouse building. Ancient Cilicia’s Jewish population is mentioned several times in Acts of the Apostles and the writings of Paul in the New Testament. Ancient inscriptions likewise bear witness to a strong Jewish presence in Cilicia. Tarsus (birthplace of Paul the Apostle) was the capital of the province of Cilicia.  Link1Link2Link3Link4

Korykos menorah corycus Kizkalesi Cilicia Turkey Nekropolis Sarcophagus

3rd-5th century (?). Necropolis in Korykos (Corykos; Latin Corycus; Turkish: Kızkalesi; Region Cilicia, now in Turkey). Sarcophagus with Menorah. This necropolis includes people of different faiths with no specific burial areas set aside for the sole use of Jews, Christians or of Pagans  and in consequence the symbols of different faiths are found adjacent to each other. Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3

Korykos Menorah Kizkalesi Turkey Epitaph

3rd-5th century (?). Menorahs in memoriam. An ancient necropolis at Korykos (modern Kızkalesi, Turkey) contains at least 12 epitaphs of Jews buried there. Two sarcophagi (and possibly more) nearby bear large menorahs to identify the people entombed within as Jews. The sarcophagus lid pictured below displays two menorahs, one on the far left and one on the right. Mark R. Fairchild. Source:  Link1Link2

Menorahs Jewish presence at Limyra Turkey

3rd-6th century. Jewish presence at Limyra, Turkey. Limyra, an ancient Lycian city is located in the Finike province of the Antalya. In a building recently excavated by Martin Seyer, chancel screens with Jewish symbols - menorahs, a shofar and a Lulav (palm branch) - have been uncovered. In a later period, these screens were broken and reused as paving stones. Source:  Link1Link2Link3

menorah carved on a rock in Priene Ancient Greek Turkey

3rd-4th century. A menorah carved on a rock in Priene (Ancient Greek: Πριήνη Priēnē; Turkish: Prien), showing the existence of a Jewish synagogue in the ancient Greek city of Ionia (today Aydın Province, Turkey). Source:  Link1Link2Link3

Jewish tombstone enorah Turkey

3rd-5th century (?). A Menorah on a Jewish tombstone from north central Turkey, now in the Boğazköy Museum (photo © Daniel C Browning Jr). Source: Link

Ancient menorah, Fragment of a Synagogue marble menorah Screen from Ashkelon Israel

3rd-7th century. Front and back of a Fragment of a Synagogue Screen. Made in Israel, found at Ashkelon. Marble. During the Byzantine period, Jewish life was centered in the holy land in a mostly rural society oriented around synagogues, which served as places of communal gathering, study, and prayer. Source: Link

Ancient marble relief with Menorah from the synagogue at Ashkelon

3rd century. Ancient marble relief with Menorah from the synagogue at Ashkelon. Source: Link

Roman menorah marble chandelier

3rd-4th century. Roman capital in carved marble, with a Menorah or chandelier carved on one of its sides. Carved leaves and roses. Measures: 42 x 40 cms. Lot 997 and 1133. Source:  Link1Link2

fragment of the Yehudiya Synagogue with menorah and Jewish symbols

3rd-6th century. Architectural fragment of the Yehudiya Synagogue. The block is decorated with a nine-branched menorah with a three-legged base, flanked by a shofar and an incense shovel. The semi-circular branches are each topped with a ball-like projection (lamp or flames). Center for Jewish Art. Source:  Link1Link2

ancient synagogue in Galilee Menorah stone

3rd-6th century. Stone door fragment from a "synagogue" in Galilee. Menorah together with pagan symbols. "The 6 pointed star comprising 2 pyramids is an ancient sun worship symbol. It is an adaptation of the pagan rosette or wheel symbol. The Samaritans brought that symbol from their homes in Babylon and it is found in many of the Samaritan synagogues." Image from the book "Jewish Symbols in the Greco-Roman Period," volume 7. Source:  Link   In Israel there are true Jews and other folk.

menorah Jewish Catacombs of Villa Torlonia Rome, Inscription of Delfinos archon

3rd-4th century. Jewish Catacombs of Villa Torlonia. Inscription of Delfinos archon with a seven-armed menorah. In addition to a hundred clay oil lamps (only one was decorated with the menorah), numerous inscriptions were found, mostly in Greek. Source:  Link1Link2Link3

 

Menorahs arc of covenant Catacomb Rome Torlonia Randanini

3rd-4th century. Menorahs Flanking Ark of the Covenant, fresco Courtesy Catacombs of Villa Torlonia, Rome (Jewish catacombs of Venosa Vigna Randanini). "What is fascinating is the abundant use of this symbol, evidently as an eschatological sign in conjunction with an imagined Third Temple facade, in an unseen secret underground graveyard." Source:  Link1Link2

Ancient Menorah Jewish Catacombs of Venosa Rome Italy, 3rd-4th century

3rd-5th century. Hanukkah depicted in the Catacombs of Venosa (Catacombe ebraiche di Venosa). The Jewish Catacombs of Venosa are a set of catacombs located near the Italian city of Venosa, Province of Potenza, on Maddelena Hill. Most of the names listed in the catacombs reflect the tendency of Jewish diaspora to take Greek or Latin names as opposed to names in Hebrew, with only a small minority of the people buried there having names reflecting a Hebrew etymology.  Link1Link2

menorahs in Catacombe Ebraico-Cristiane of Venosa italy

3rd-5th century. Catacombe Ebraico-Cristiane of Venosa. Dated between the 3rd and the 7th century AD they were discovered in 1853. They document the presence of a thriving local Jewish community between late antiquity and the early Middle Ages. The Jewish community, whose original nucleus was probably Hellenistic, as can be seen from the epigraphs, was for the most part made up of merchants and landowners. Epitaphs in Latin, Hellenistic Greek and Hebrew. Source:  Link1Link2

Jewish Lapidarium in Rome with grave inscriptions with menorah

3rd-4th century. The Jewish Lapidarium includes a collection of ancient grave inscriptions. The Lapidarium was transferred from the Lateran Palace to the Vatican in 1963 along with the early Christian collections. It includes almost all the inscriptions (around two hundred) discovered during the excavation of the Jewish catacomb of Monteverde on the Via Portuense. The signs of the mostly Greek-speaking Jewish community in the diaspora are menorah, lulav and etrog. Source: Link

Greek marble menorah grave stone of Aster Esther with lampstand and birds from monteverde catacomb Rome

3rd-4th century. White marble grave stone of Aster (a Hellenized form of Esther meaning star) from the Jewish Monteverde catacomb (Rome, Italy). It was found on December 20, 1904. The inscription is carved and painted red, with birds, trees, flask, grapes, menorah. Musei Vaticani, Lapidario Ebraico, Citta del Vaticano. Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3Link4Link5

Epitaph, grave stone of Salutia with menorah Via Portuense Rome

3rd-4th century. Epitaph, grave stone of Salutia. This fragmentary marble slab originally sealed a loculus or niche tomb in the Jewish catacomb of Monteverde, near the ancient Via Portuense (Portuensis). The Latin alphabet is used, in contrast to the clear preponderance of Greek inscriptions, although the use of Latin names is common in the Jewish community. Menorah and open scroll or book (Bible?). Città del Vaticano, Musei Vaticani. Source:  Link1 Link2,  Link3,  Link4Link5Link6

Ancient marble grave stone Jewish catacomb menorah Italy. Menorah tripod

3rd-4th century. Ancient marble grave stone from Jewish catacomb Monteverde in Italy. Menorah on a tripod, like many of that time. Exhibition produced by the Musei Vaticani and the Museo Ebraico in Rome. Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3

Cast Greek marble grave stone Ammias menorah, Jewish catacomb Monteverde Rome

3rd-4th century. Cast of Greek white marble grave stone of Ammias from Jewish catacomb on Via Portuense, Monteverde, Rome. An engraved representation of the menorah with Greek an Hebrew text: "Here lies Ammias, a Jewess from Ladikia [Laodicea] who lived 85 years. Peace". Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3Link4Link5

Rome catacomb sarcophagus menorah, Faustina grave menorah lulav shofar and three heads

3rd century. Detail of sarcophagus lid which contains three heads (theatre masks) and Greek inscription, "Here lies Faustina". The menorah is also depicted near the inscription along with lulav and shofar. Alongside the Jewish term "shalom" (Peace). Rome, near Porta S. Sebastiano. Source:  Link1Link2Link3

Ancient stone slab with hebres symbol menorah, Catacomb of Monteverde, Rome Italy

3rd-4th century. Catacomb of Monteverde. Ancient stone slab with Hebrew symbols (seven-armed candelabrum menorah). "Here lies Eutychis, daughter of Philipos. Rest in peace!" Vatican Museums. Source:  Link1 Link2Link3

Ancient marble grave stone catacomb of Guadentia with menorah lampstand,catacomb Monteverde Rome Italy

3rd-4th century. Marble grave stone from the catacomb Monteverde. Text: "Here lies Gaudentia, the priestess, [aged] 24 years. In peace her sleep." Even though the role usually assigned to Gaudentia by historians is that of a member (wife or daughter) of a priestly family, the literal translation of hierisa is "priestess." Menorah and ark on right side. Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3Link4

Tombstone Menorah image, Detail of an inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde

3rd-4th century. Detail of an inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde. In Greek: "Her lies Caelius Anastasius, a child. In peace your sleep." With a menorah, lower right. Source:  Link1Link2

tomb stone menorah from a catacomb in Rome Italy from Symmachos Gerousiarch,

3rd-4th century. Tomb stone from a catacomb of Monteverde. Example of tomb of the early Christian or Hebrew era in Greek: this one with the Menorah, the characters are still irregular. Translation: "Here lies Symmachos, Gerousiarch, a Tripolitan, aged 80 years. In peace his sleep." The title of gerousiarch described the important office of president of the governing body (Council of Elders) of the congregation. Catacombsociety.org. Source:  Link1Link2Link3Link4

Menorah Tombstone of Sara catacomb of Monteverde

3rd-4th century. Tombstone of Sara: Elder of Elderly, from a catacomb of Monteverde. Translation: "Here lies Sara Oura, presbytes." The title "presbytes" (probably presbytis) means either elder or elderly woman. However, Müller (1919) translates the last section as "the old woman." Catacombsociety. Source:  Link1Link2Link3Link4

Grave Brick fragment painted menorah from third century, catacomb Monteverde

3rd-4th century. Grave brick fragment with manufacturer’s stamp and painted menorah. Terracotta. Size: high 0.29 m, wide 0.40 m, thick 0.045 m, fragmented at the left underneath corner and at the upper edge decomposed by moisture. It was found on December 5, 1904, catacomb of Monteverde, Rome. Source:  Link1Link2

Ancient seven-armed candelabrum menorah Istasia in Catacomb Monteverde, Italy

3rd-4th century. Seven-armed candelabrum menorah in catacomb of Monteverde, Italy. Translated text: "Here are Istasia, the wife of Amabilios, 60 years old, and Prima, daughter of Flavia, 5 years old. In peace her fall asleep." Musei Vaticani, Lapidario Ebraico. Source:  Link1Link2

Epitaph of Flavia Antonina from catacombs of Monteverde, Rome. With menorah, Iulav and the shofar

3rd-6th century. "Epitaph of Flavia Antonina", from catacombs of Monteverde, Rome. With menorah, Iulav and the shofar. Text: "Here lies Flavia Antonia, wife of Dativus, (funktionary) for life in the synagogue of the Augustensians". Exhibition at Archaeological Museum of Naples. Source:  Link1Link2Link3

Ancient funerary slab of Pomponius of the Calcarenses synagogue with menorah image Monteverde Catacomb Rome

3rd century. Greek inscription on the funerary slab with the representation of a menorah. From the catacombs of Monteverde, Rome, Italy. Text: "Here lies Pomponius, twice Archon of the Calcaresian Synagogue. He lived 60 years. In peace his sleep." Museo Nazionale Romano. Source:  Link1,  Link2,  Link3Link4Link5Link6

Ancient Monteverde Catacomb menorah grave stone with Jewish inscription

3rd-4th century. Two different seven-armed menorahs with Jewish inscription, Monteverde, Vatican Museums. International Catacomb Society. Source: Link

Marble Epitaph of Primitiva with menorah from Catacomb Monteverde Trastevere Rome

3rd-4th century. Epitaph of Primitiva and her grandson Euphrainon. Text: "Here lies Primitiva with her grandson Euphrenon (Euphrainon). In peace their sleep.” Monteverde catacomb. Marble. From Trastevere with etrogs (citron), lulavs (palm branch), menorahs, flasks. It concludes with the usual blessing, "May their rest (be) in peace". Città del Vaticano, Musei Vatican. Source:  Link1 Link2,  Link3,  Link4,  Link5  Link6

Ancient Marble menorah stone catacombe Randanini Via Appia Rome Alexander

3rd-4th century. Circular marble inscription with seven Latin lines: "Alexander, beef-seller from the market, who lived thirty years, good soul, friend of all, your sleep amongst the just." Menorah at the bottom right. Dimensions: diameter: 32.7 cm. The catacomb on the estate of Ignace Randanini on the via Appia in Rome was excavated between 1857 and 1862, producing almost 200 inscriptions in addition to many graffiti. Photo © 2018 University of Oxford, Ashmolean Museum.  Link1Link2 Link3

Jewish Sarcophagus Menorah candlestick marble Randanini

3rd-4th century. Jewish sarcophagus. Place of discovery: Rome, Jewish catacomb Vigna Randanini, Mausoleum M. Material: Marble. Size: 67 x 195 x 21 cm. The relief of the strongly fragmented box front is divided into five picture fields by palm trees. In the middle there is a seven-armed candlestick (Menorah) whose four lower arms have been preserved. Jewish cult objects - ram horn (Schofar), palm branch (Lulaw) and citrus fruit (Etrog) - are depicted. Staatl. Museum Berlin. Source:  Link1Link2 

Epitaph of Judas Ioudas with menorah image Catacombs Monteverde via Portuense Rome

3rd-4th century. Epitaph (tomb inscription), Greek marble grave stone of Judas with candelabra, palmettes, doves, flasks. The baby, who died at the age of just 7 months, was called Judah (Ioudas). Text: "Ioudas aged 7 months lies here". Found in 1904 in Rome, in the Jewish Catacombs of Monteverde on via Portuense. Kornbluthphoto. Vatican Museums, Musei Vaticani, Musei Vaticani. Source: Link1,  Link2,  Link3,  Link4Link5

Ancient Catacomb menorah, 3rd-4th century. Inscription of Ioustos with menorah on a tripod

3rd-4th century. Inscription of Ioustos with menorah on a tripod. The inscription, in poetic verse, begins with an unusual invocation from the child's adoptive father, Theodotus, who regrets not being able to lay his son in a tomb of gold; then, it goes on with a prayer to God, playing on the similarity of meaning between the child's name ("Ioustos", "right") and the Greek dikaíoma ("judgement"): "Lord, (ensure) in your good judgement that Ioustos, incomparable child, may rest in peace".  Link

marble menorah inscription in Catacomb of Randanini Asterius

3rd-4th century. Detail of a marble inscription fragment from the catacomb of Randanini. In Greek: "Asterius, Archon, set up (this stone) to his parents, Asterius, Gerusiarch, and Lucina, his mother. He (the father) lived (…) years (…) In peace their sleep." Inscribed at top is a menorah and to the right is a lulav. The stone has been broken since excavation, at one time a basket of fruit and a bird were inscribed at left. Source:  Link1Link2

Tomb inscription with menorah 3rd or 4th century catacomb Monteverde

3rd-4th century. Seven-armed menorah below on the tomb inscription, catacomb Monteverde. The text contains some spelling mistakes and means: "Here lies Patiskos Patons son Agathopo(s). Eroto her so pitiable prematurely deceased son." Vatican Museum. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Ancient menorah on a grave stone, catacomb Monteverde in Rome, 3rd-4th century

3rd-4th century. Ancient menorah on a grave stone, catacomb of Monteverde. Marble stele, broken off at the top, bumped at the bottom left. The width is 0.24 m, the highest height 0.395 m. The stone was found on October 10, 1906. Vatican Museum. Source:  Link1Link2

Fragment Jewish Symbols tombstone Portus Rome, menorah tripod ritual object lulav

3rd-4th century. Fragment with Cult Symbols. On the vestige of a tombstone from Rome or Portus, a seven-branched menorah on a tripod is flanked by the traditional ritual objects, a possible lulav, an ethrog, and an amphora. Greek Inscription. It reads, “Here lies Je...” Musei Vaticani, Inventar No. 30874. Catacombsociety.org. Source:  Link1Link2Link3Link4

White marble top with chandelier menorahcatacombe Monteverde Rome Italy

3rd-4th century. White marble top. Size: high 0.36 m, width 0.36 m, thickness 0.022 m. Found on November 23, 1904 among the rubble in Grotto V in the catacomb Monteverde. The inscription with chandelier (menorah) is carved in raw. The stonemason did not act carefully and made two spelling mistakes. Translation: "Here lies Epigenius. He should rest in peace!" Source: Link

Ancient tomb stone menorah from Leontia from catacomb Monteverde Rome, Italy 3rd-4th century

3rd-4th century. Inscription from the catacomb of Monteverde: "Here lies Leontia 20 years (old)." Illustration from the German book from the year 1919 by Nikolaus Müller (1857-1912). Title: "Die Inschriften der jüdischen Katakomben am Monteverde zu Rom..." Uni Köln (Cologne). Source:  Link1Link2

Ancient menorah, 3rd-4th century. Jewish catacomb of Monteverde with engraved menorah

3rd-4th century. Jewish catacomb of Monteverde with menorah. Text of the inscription: "M]etro[d?]oros [pres?]byteros (Elder) [lies here?]." The title Presbyter was shared by both Jewish and Christian congregations. Museo Nazionale Romano. Catacombsociety.org. Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3

Ancient menorah, Jewish catacomb of Monteverde with menorah, Rome, Italy 3rd-4th century

3rd-4th century. Jewish catacomb of Monteverde with menorah. The Secretary of the Congregation, text: "Donatus, grammateus of the Vernaclians." The grammateus or scribe was charged with the secretarial duties of the Roman congregation. The name of this synagogue indicates that its founders were born in Rome. Catacombsociety.org. Source: Link

Tombstone of Jacob catacomb Monteverde with menorah and inscription, 3rd-4th century Rome

3rd-4th century.  Tombstone of Jacob from the catacomb Monteverde with menorah and the following Greek inscription (translated): "Here lies James (Iakob). His rest should be with the saints." Gray marble top. Size: high 0.29 m, wide 0.31 m, thick 0.024 m, found on November 16, 1904. Source:  Link

grave tomb marble slab from Jewish catacombs on Monteverde. Between two menorahs stands the Torah Shrine

3rd-4th century. This tomb slab of gray marble was found in the Jewish catacomb on Monteverde. The engraved name is "Eulogia." Between two menorahs stands the Torah Shrine. On the inscription are two menorah flanking an ark with six scrolls. The world Eulogia may mean "Benediction." Size: high 0.255 m, wide 0.455 m, thick 0.02 m. Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3

Ancient menorah Tomb slab grave stone marble menorahs and Torah ark, catacomb Monteverde

3rd-4th century. Tomb slab of white marble, found in the Jewish catacomb on Monteverde, Rome. The Torah shrine (Ark) with 6 scrolls in the center, the menorahs on its sides and the memorial inscription in Greek: "Here lies the boy Semoel, an underage child of 1 year and 5 months. In peace he is resting! Be persistent, Semoel, there is no human immortal." Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3

Ancient menorah, White marble catacomb Monteverde menorah inscription priest, 3rd century

3rd-4th century. White marble top from the catacomb of Monteverde. Text: "Here lies Ioudas, the priest [or: "from the priestly family"]." As for the office of priest, the esteem bestowed upon the descendants of the family of Aaron continued as a tradition just as it does today. In Rome their main activity was to deliver benedictions; however, the inscription that immediately follows indicates that the office did not exclude the performance of other duties. Source:  Link1Link2

Catacomb Monteverde two menorahs, grave stones from Flavius and Eusebius

3rd-4th century. Detail of two marble inscriptions from the Catacomb of Monteverde LEFT: In Greek: " Here lies Flavius Sabinus, Life Archon of the Synagogue of the Volumensians. In peace their sleep." Menorah at bottom. RIGHT: In Greek: " Here lies Eusebius, (Archon?), aged 23 years. In (peace?) his sleep." Menorah at bottom. Terme Museum. Photo: Museo Nazionale delle Terme. Source:  LinkLink2

Marble menorah inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde, gravestone, tombstone menorah

3rd-4th century. Marble inscription with menorah from the Catacomb of Monteverde. The epitaph of Sigismundus: A medieval inscription. Museo Nazionale delle Terme. Catacomb Society. Source: Link1,  Link2

Catacomb Monteverde Menorah grave stone

3rd-4th century (?). A very unusual form of the seven-arm Menorah from Monteverde, Rome. 29,15,5cm. Musei Vaticani, Inventar No. 30081. Catacomb Society. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Rome Catacomb Menorah marble grave inscription, 3rd century

3rd-4th century. Rome, exact location unknown. Greek inscription: "Here lies Doris, peacefully her sleeping" (literally: "in peace her in sleep falling"). Musei Vaticani, Inventar No.: 30885. Image from the German book "Im Licht der Menora: Jüdisches Leben in der römischen Provinz" (2014) by Raphael Gross, Sven Hansen, Michael Lenarz, Patricia Rahemipour. Source: Link

Gravestone Catacomb Monteverde, Menorah with rectangular arms and Greek inscription

3rd-4th century. Unusual gravestone  from the catacomb Monteverde. Menorah with rectangular arms. Museo Pio Cristiano. Source: Link

Catacomb Monteverde menorah grave latin inscription Jovinus

3rd-4th century. Catacomb Monteverde marble menorah. Latin inscription: " Jovinus, who lived 35 years." Dimension: 14x18,5 cm. Musei Vaticani, Inventar No.: 30823. Image from the German book "Im Licht der Menora: Jüdisches Leben in der römischen Provinz" (2014) by Raphael Gross, Sven Hansen, Michael Lenarz, Patricia Rahemipour. Source: Link

Epitaph from Jewish catacomb of Monteverde with menorah Rome

3rd-4th century. A moving Epitaph from Jewish catacomb of Monteverde, Rome. On a opistograph bearing a pagan inscription, the second side describes young friendship and tragic coincidence: "Here lie Fortunatus and Eutropis, children who loved each other. Fortunatus lived 3 years and  months, and Eutropis who lived 3 years and 7 months. In peace their sleep. They died on the same day." Along the bottom: amphora, menorah, shofar and lulav. Source:  Link1Link2Link3Link4

Menorah Detail of a marble inscription Trastevere Catacomb Monteverde. Greek with Latin

3rd-4th century. Detail of a marble inscription found in the Trastevere region around the Catacomb of Monteverde. In Greek with Latin Translation. "Hic est positus Tubias Barzaharona et Paregorius filius Tubiae Barzahorona", "Here lies Tubias Barzaharona and Paregorius son of Tubias Barzaharona. In Hebrew: "Peace, Peace, Peace." With menorah. In the Terme museum. Photo: Museo Naz. Terme. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Catacomb menorah inscription Monteverde, Greek text on tombstone with seven armed menorah candelabrum

3rd-4th century. Detail of an inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde. In Greek: "Here lies Euphasius, Archsynagogus, who (lived a good life?)." Menorah on right. Source: Link

Tombstone menorah. Sabbatius Inscription. Detail of a marble inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde,

3rd-4th century. Sabbatius Inscription. Detail of a marble inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde, now in the Lapidary museum-Monastery of St. Paul's Outside the Walls.  In Greek with Hebrew at bottom: "Here lies Sabbatius, twice Archon. He lived 35 years. Peace on Israel". A shofar, menorah, and lulav are at bottom. Source: Link

Menorah Marble inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde from Anastasia tombstone

3rd-4th century. Marble inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde. In Greek: "Pious Anastasia lies here." Menorah at top. Terme museum. Source: Link

Marble menorah inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde Pomponius

3rd-4th century. Marble inscription from the Catacomb of Monteverde. LEFT: (Frey #384, Noy #165) In Greek: "Here lies Pomponius, twice Archon of the Synagogue of Calcaresis. He lived 60 years. In peace his sleep" Menorah at bottom (Terme museum # 77643). Catacomb Society. Source: Link

Ancient menorah, Tomb slab white marble menorah, Catacomb Monteverde, 3rd-4th century

3rd-4th century. Menorah depiction with simple three-legged foot on a tombstone with Greek inscription. Tomb slab of white marble with a big menorah in the middle. Catacomb of Monteverde, Rome, Italy. Text: "Oproman lies here." Size: high 0.20 m, wide 0.56 m. Source:  Link1Link2 

Catacomb menorah, marble top catacomb Monteverde, inscription an menorah are engraved, 3rd-4th century

3rd-4th century. African marble top. Size: high 0.23 m wide 0.45 m, found on December 9, 1904 in the Grotto V (catacomb Monteverde) under debris. The inscription and the menorah are engraved. Greek text, translated: "Here lies in the grave: Euporios with your son Sabbatios." Source:  Link1,  Link2Link3

Grave stone inscription with two seven-armed menorahs from the catacomb Monteverde

3rd-4th century. Grave stone inscription with two seven-armed menorahs from the catacomb Monteverde. Text: "Here lies Aper, Archont the Kalkarian (lime burner). Rest in peace! The son .. built it (?)" Illustration from the German book from 1919 by Nikolaus Müller "Die Inschriften der jüdischen Katakomben am Monteverde zu Rom / entdeckt und erklärt von..." Source: Link

Stone from the catacomb of Monteverde with menorah inscription

3rd-4th century. Stone from the catacomb of Monteverde with menorah. Inscription: "Here lies Sabbasa, an underage child. Rest in peace!" Source: Link

Menorah figure on the tombstone of the catacomb Monteverde from Justus 3rd-4th century

3rd-4th century. Menorah figure on the tombstone of the catacomb Monteverde with a very sad text: "Oh, that I, Justus, could have put you in a golden coffin, I who raised you. Now, Lord, let him rest in peace, the Justus, the tender, incomparable child, in your righteousness! Here I am, Justus, 4 years 8 months old, the sweet darling of his breadwinner." Source: Link

Menorah Inscription from the catacomb of Monteverde Rome Italy

3rd-4th century. Inscription from the catacomb of Monteverde: "Here lies Gelasis, Exarchon of the Hebrews. In peace his sleep." Exarchon may refer to a former archon. With a Menorah and & amphora. Source:  Link1Link2Link3Link4

Ancient Jewish Menorah on a tomb from the catacomb of Monteverde Rome Italy

3rd-4th century. Menorah on a tomb from the catacomb of Monteverde. Text: "Here lies Kailios Anastis, an underage child. In peace you may rest!" White marble top. Size: height 0.25m, width 0.42m, broken into two pieces. The plate was found in 1904 Source: Link

3rd-4th century. Tombstone of Mary (Maria) with a menorah from the catacomb Monteverde

3rd-4th century. Tombstone of Mary (Maria) with a menorah from the catacomb Monteverde. The inscription is an encouragement for married couples and shows an old love: "Here lies Mary, wife of Salutios, who (she) lived in a beautiful community with her husband. She should rest in peace!" Source: Link

Ancient menorah, 3rd-4th century Tombstones with Menorah from the Catacomb Monteverde Rome

3rd-4th century. Tombstones with Menorah from the Catacomb Monteverde. Inscription: "Here lies Etetos, future Archon. In peace he rest." Archon (Gr. αρχων, pl. αρχοντες) is a Greek word that means "ruler" or the like. The second grave stone apparently contains the name Justus. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Grave plate of white marble with menorah inscription from the catacomb of Monteverde, Rome

3rd-4th century. Grave plate of white marble from the catacomb of Monteverde. Text: "Donatus, secretary of the synagogue of the Bernakler." Size: high 0.31 m, wide 0.44 m and thick 0.03 m, broken into 5 pieces and eaten by moisture at its lower edge. The fragments were discovered on October 23 and 24, 1906. Source:  Link1,  Link2

3rd-4th century Grave plate menorah catacomb Monteverde Rome

3rd (or 2nd) century Grave plate with menorah from the catacomb Monteverde. Plate of white marble spotted with single black stripes. Text: "Flavius Contantius, who lived 23 years, 14 days." Dimensions: high 16.5 cm, wide 29.5 cm, thick 0.2 cm, consisting of 3 pieces and fragmented on the lower side. It was found in October 1906. Illustration from the German book by Nikolaus Müller (Leipzig 1919), title: "Die Inschriften der jüdischen Katakomben am Monteverde zu Rom, entdeckt und erklärt..." Source: Link

Jewish catacomb of Monteverde Menorah in Rome, Italy

3rd-4th century. Jewish catacomb of Monteverde. Inscription: "Here lies Eusebios in the underage age of 5 years." Illustration from the German book from the year 1919 by Nikolaus Müller (1857-1912). Title: "Die Inschriften der jüdischen Katakomben am Monteverde zu Rom..." Source: Link

ancient Jewish marble tombstone of Marinus with a menorah and other Jewish symbols Beth She‘arim

3rd-4th century. Jewish marble tombstone of Marinus and Justa, decorated with a menorah and other Jewish symbols and inscribed in Greek "The tomb of Marinus and Yusta his wife." The deceased were apparently wealthy Jews from Syria or Phoenicia who requested to be buried in the prestigious cemetery of Beth She‘arim. Dimensions: H. 37 cm, W. 18 cm. Israel Antiquities Authority, Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem / by Nir Bareket. Source:  Link1,  Link2

Funerary slab menorah Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, Stone of Alcover, Pedra d’Alcover

3rd-4th century. Funerary slab with an incised menorah. Stone of Alcover (Pedra d’Alcover; Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain). Dimensions: 61.4 x 45.5 x 8 cm. Coming from the late necropolis area of Mas Mallol-Mas Rimbau (Tarragona). Museu Nacional Arqueològic de Tarragona (MNAT). Source:  Link1Link2

3rd century menorah inscription from a museum

3rd-4th century AD (AD 201-400). Monumental inscription. Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, Oxford; Accession no. AN2007.55. Source: Link

Grave stone menorah inscription 3rd century AD

3rd-4th century AD (AD 201-400). Monumental inscription. Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, Oxford; Accession no. AN2007.59. Source: Link

Monumental inscription menorah Ashmolean museum of art

3rd-4th century AD (AD 201-400). Monumental inscription. Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, Oxford; Accession no. AN2007.62. Source: Link

Ashmolean Museum Menorah 3rd-4th century AD

3rd-4th century AD (AD 201-400). Monumental inscription. Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, Oxford; Accession no. AN2007.53. Source: Link

tomb stone menorah museum 3rd century inscription

3rd-4th century AD (AD 201-400). Monumental inscription. Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, Oxford; Accession no. AN2007.57 Source: Link

3rd-4th century, Rome. Tombstone with symbol of Christ and Jewish menorah

3rd-4th century, Rome. Tombstone with symbol of Christ and pagan formula. The name of the dedicant Soricio (Soricius) is derived from sorex “mouse”; the woman (his wife?) has a name derived from the Bible (the feminine form of the prophet’s name Elias). Latin cross with the vertical axis constituted by the Greek letter Ρ. The unusual appearance of the horizontal arm, curved upwards, seems to evoke the image of the Jewish seven-branched candelabrum (the menorah). Vatican Museum. Source: Link

Ancient Gold glass cup with menorah and two doves from Ostia

3rd-6th century. The Quest for Spiritual Sustenance. Two doves alight on the open doors of a Torah shrine delineated on a fragment of a gold glass cup inscribed with the remains of the legend, "sweet soul." Perhaps from Ostia. Biblioteca Vaticana. Source:  Link1Link2

Menorah in Grotta del Carciofo, Jewish community in Noto Antica

3rd-7th century. Not far from the Porta della Montagna of Noto Antica there is a small catacomb called "delle Cento Bocche", datable around 500 AD. Among the cavities, the "Grotta del Carciofo" presents two engravings of the Jewish menorah (photo), exchanged by the local farmers for artichokes. The presence of the tomb testifies to the existence of a Jewish community in Noto (Latin: Netum; Greek Neetum, Νέητον), was a considerable ancient town in the south of Sicily, Italy. Source: Link


Menorah Pictures from other Centuries:

Until the 1st,   2nd,   4th,   5th,   6th-10th,   11th-13th,   14th,   15th,   16th,   17th,   18th,   19th,   20th,   21st   Century

 

Coins,       Menorah Oil Lamps,       WW2 

 


Note: It's nice to see the menorah pictures. However, according to the Bible Jesus (Hebrew Yeshua) is the true spiritual meaning behind the physical Menorah. He is the true and eternal spiritual light: "I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life" (John 8:12). The menorah also symbolizes the Tree of Life, because Jesus is the way to life: "I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me" (John 14:6). Jesus' Word and the Bible are the light in this world. "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path" (Ps 119:105 and John 1:1-17).

 

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