ANCIENT AND NEW MENORAHS - 18th Century
This website shows historic menorahs from the eighteenth century. Menorah illustrations from other centuries: Ancient Menorahs until the 1st century, 2nd century, 3rd century, 4th century, 5th century, 6th-10th century, 11th-13th century, 14th century, 15th century, 16th century, 17th century, 19th century, 20th century, 21st century. Coins and Medals
18th century. Gold ring with a carnelian bezel from East Europe. The stone bears an incised seven-branched (Menorah resting on a pedestal, with a tiny asterisk flanking it. Inscribed above the Menorah: "To light the Sabbath (Shabbat) candle (light)." Source: Link
18th century. Siamese pottery gambling token. This is a kind of clay / earthenware token / casino chip used as a stake in betting (for money) in the playhouses of Siam. Jews have been living in Siam / Thailand since the 17th century. Several of the Jewish residents helped to establish such significant institutions as the Thai stock market (detailed information is available in the book "Jews in Thailand" by Ruth Gerson & Stephen Mallinger). Source: Siamese Porcelain Token Collection, Chris/Germany.
18th century. Menorah amulet in silver case. Italy. Technique: Wood, carved; silver, repoussé, engraved, and wirework. Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem, by Yair Hovav. Source: Link
c. 1700. Menorah. Stained glass. Copy of a fragment of an Italian tapestry, showing the Temple Mount, Moses with the Ten Commandments, and his brother Aaron. Leona Fein. The National Museum of American Jewish History. Source: Link
1700. The Destruction of the Temple and the Consecration of the Tabernacle, Lampstand. Title: "Mosaize historie der Hebreeuwse kerke: zoo als dezelve was in de stam-huyzen der H. Vaderen des Ouden Verbonds, voor en onder de belofte : en in alle die plegtelijke toebereydzelen van het dienstbaar Ierusalem ... : uyt d'aller oudste geheugnissen der Hebreen, Kaldeen, Zabeen, Egyptenaaren ... Author: Goeree, Willem (1635-1711). Netherlands, Amsterdam. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3
1700. Worship in the Tabernacle. Description: A priest worships with incense before the menorah and between two olive trees. Book Title: "Mosaize historie der Hebreeuwse kerke: zoo als dezelve was in de stam-huyzen der H. Vaderen des Ouden Verbonds, voor en onder de belofte: en in alle die plegtelijke toebereydzelen van het dienstbaar Ierusalem... : uyt d'aller oudste geheugnissen der Hebreen, Kaldeen, Zabeen, Egyptenaaren..." Author: Goeree, Willem, 1635-1711, Netherlands. Link
1700. Altar of Incense and Lampstand. Book Title: "Historie des Ouden en Nieuwen Testaments: verrykt met meer dan vierhonderd printverbeeldingen in koper gesneeden." Author: David Martin (1639-1721). Scripture Reference: Exodus 39. Description: A column separates Bernard Picart’s (1673-1733) depiction of a high priest offering incense on the golden altar (left) and a priest pouring oil into a lamp, as another priest lights the tabernacle’s lampstand. Source: Link1, Link2
1700. Ark, Lampstand, and Table. "Historie des Ouden en Nieuwen Testaments: verrykt met meer dan vierhonderd printverbeeldingen in koper gesneeden." Author: Martin, David (1639-1721). Scripture Reference: Exodus 37. Description: Moses reviews the plans for building the Ark of the Covenant, as the tabernacle’s ark, lampstand (background), and table, and its bowls and plates (right), are constructed around him. The artist’s signature (Jan Goeree) at the lower left corner. Link
1700. Image Title: Moses with Lampstand, Golden Altar, and Table. Book Title: "Historie des Ouden en Nieuwen Testaments: verrykt met meer dan vierhonderd printverbeeldingen in koper gesneeden." Author: Martin, David (1639-1721). Scripture Reference: Exodus 40. Description: Moses oversees the placement of the lampstand, golden altar of incense, and table within in the tabernacle, as a priest burns incense in the background. Source: Link
1700. Joshua Succeeds Moses. Book Title: "Historie des Ouden en Nieuwen Testaments: verrykt met meer dan vierhonderd printverbeeldingen in koper gesneeden." Author: Martin, David (1639-1721). Scripture Reference: Deuteronomy 31. Description: This engraving, by Gerhard Hoet (1648-1733) and A. de Blois, depicts Moses meeting with Joshua in the tabernacle and giving him a copy of the law, before he succeeds Moses as the leader of Israel. Source: Link
1701. "L' Histoire du vieux et du nouveau Testament: avec des explications édifiantes, tirées des saints peres." Author / Editor: Le Maistre de Sacy, Isaac-Louis ; Le Maistre de Sacy, Isaac-Louis. Place of publication: Paris, Publisher: LePetit. Staatliche Bibliothek Passau (State Library Passau, Germany), Shelfmark: S nv/Ri (b) 64-1. Source: Link
1701. Title (translation): "The Old Jewish Sanctuaries, worship services and customs" (Original in German: "Die Alten Jüdischen Heiligthümer, Gottesdienste und Gewohnheiten, für Augen gestellet, In einer ausführlichen Beschreibung des gantzen Levitischen Priesterthums / durch Johannes Lundius"). Hamburg, Germany. University Frankfurt am Main. Link
1702. Image Title: Lampstand. Description: Lampstand with branches and seven bowls made to look like almond blossoms. Book Title: "Commentarii linguae Ebraicae ... /a Jacobo Gussetio Bloesensi ... " Author: Gousset, Jacques (1635-1704). Language: Hebrew language--Dictionaries--Latin. Geographical Region: Netherlands, Amsterdam. Source: Link
1702. A collection of prayers, a recension of the book of Tobit and Megilat Antiochus. Full-page drawing of a candlestick (menorah), with parts of text embodied, in colors (Folio 11v). British Library, Harley MS 5713. Source: Link
1702-1705. German Images Bible (Original Title: "Historische Bilder-Bibel vorstellend die Geschichte der H. Patriarchen und Ertz-Vätter der Richter unter dem Volck Gottes"). Printed in Augsburg (Augspurg), Germany. Staats- und Stadtbibliothek Augsburg - HV 1054 13191677. Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg (Shelfmark: 02/XIII.1.4.127). Source: Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4 (1705).
1702. German Image Bible. Title: "Historischer Bilder-Bibel ... Theil. 2. ... Abbildungen der Historien des 2. 3. 4. 5. Buchs Mose, des Buchs Josuae, des Buchs der Richter, des Buchs Ruth" by Johann Ulrich Kraus. Printed in Augsburg, Germany. Digitale Sammlungen der Universitätsbibliothek Augsburg (Shelfmark: 02/XIII.1.2.173-2). Source: Link1, Link2
1702. German Image Bible with menorah. Same source as above.
1704-18. Silver menorahs. Designed by Joan Roig and made by Joan Matons, Pair of 7-Arm Candlesticks. Engraved and embossed silver, Palma de Mallorca, Capitular Catedral Museum (Museo de la Catedral). Part of the Menora Exhibition 2017 in Rome ("La Menorà. Culto, Storia e Mito"). Source: Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4
18th-19th century. Hanukkah Lamp from Eastern Europe (?). There was a tradition in Ashkenazi synagogues of placing a large menorah-form Hanukkah lamp near the Torah ark or reader's desk. The rabbis of the Talmudic period forbade exact replications of the Temple and its implements, but allowed a menorah as long as it did not have 7 branches. Thus, Hanukkah menorot in synagogues had a dual function: to publicize the miracle to the congregation and travelers, and to remind them of the Temple. Jewish Museum NY. Link
18th-19th century (1770/1771). Standing Hanukkah Lamp for a Synagogue from Eastern Europe. Artist: Unknown. Dimensions: H. 60 in. (152.4 cm). Medium: Copper alloy: cast, machine-turned, engraved, punched, partly gilded (eagle). It should be noted, however, that the Biblical Menorah does not have 5, 8, or 9 arms, but 7. North Carolina Museum of Art. Source: Link
18th century. Menorah. Dimensions: Height 150 cm, Depth 21.5 cm, Width 65 cm. Technique: Cast brass, engraved. Item Code: ICMS-MKM-3313. Credit: Collection of the Mané-Katz Museum, Haifa, Israel. Source: Link
18th century. Menorah lamp. Dimensions: width 76.0 cm, depth 27.0 cm, height 53.0 cm. Jewish Museum Amsterdam (Joods Historisch Museum). Source: Link
18th century. A Large Brass Menorah, probably Polish, of multi baluster form with detachable tree-form branches with circular drip pans topped by prickets, stylized tulip finial with Hebrew inscription. Size: height 25 1/4 in. 64.4 cm. Source: Link
18th century. Italian giltwood emblem of a menorah, probably 18th century. Traditional baroque tree form on openwork scroll base. Height 25 in. 63.5 cm. Sothebys. Source: Link
18th or early 19th century. Judaica brass menorah. Measuring 24 cm tall stand this menorah made out of brass. Source; Link
1704. German Luther Bible with the text of Luthers last translation of 1545. Pictures from Matthaeus Merian (1593-1650). Title: "Biblia, Das ist, Die gantze heilige Schrifft Alten und Neuen Testaments Verteutscht durch D. Martin Luther. Jetzo abermal Nach dem letzten im Jahr 1545. noch bey Desselben Lebzeiten ausgegangenem..." Printed in Frankfurt/Main (Franckfurt am Mayn). Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany. Source: Link1, Link2
1704. Survey of Jewish Customs from Hamburg. German with some Latin and Hebrew. Title: "Die alten jüdischen Heiligthümer, Gottesdienste und Gewohnheiten, für Augen gestellet, in einer ausführlichen Beschreibung des gantzen Levitischen Priesterthums. Hamburg: Gottfried Liebernickel, Buchhändler im Dom." A comprehensive survey of Jewish customs, by the theologian Johannes Lund, with emphasis on the Temple and the holy vessels (menorah...). Uni Halle, Germany. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3 (1738)
1705. Menorah image. Dutch text captioned: "Den Kandelaar in een gesigte van Zacharias gezien" (Zacharias sees the menorah in a vision). From: Cunaeus': 'Republyk der Hebreen.' (Republic of the Hebrews). Print maker: Jan Luyken. Publisher: Pieter Mortier, Amsterdam. Rijksmuseum. Please see also similar images from 1683. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4, Link5, Link6, Link7
1706. Seven-armed candelabrum donated by Urban VII Castagna (1521-1590). Part of "Numismata pontificum Romanorum, quae e tempore Martini V. usque ad annum MDCXCIX, vel authoritate publica, vel privato genio in lucem prodiere, explicata, ac multiplici eruditione sacra, & prophana illustrata, a Philippo Bonanni / Filippo Buonanni; 1. Continens numismata à Martino V. usque ad Clementem VIII." ©Bibliotheca Hertziana, Italy. Source: Link1, Link2
1707. German Martin Luther Bible. Printed in Leipzig by Nicolaus Haas; Title: "Biblia das ist: die gantze Heilige Schrifft Altes und Neues Testaments verteutscht durch D. Martin Luthern, Dabey nicht allein desselben Vorreden und Randglossen ... Vornehmlich aber sind ... Erläuterungen ... hinzu gethan worden von Nicolao Haas ..."). Printed in Leipzig. Source: Link1, Link2
1707-1720. Isaiah’s Call. Scripture Reference: Isaiah 6. Isaiah's vision of the heavenly throne room above the temple of Jerusalem. An angel touches a hot coal to Isaiah's lips with a pair of tongs. The engraver, Michael Van Der Gucht (1660–1725), has placed his last name in the lower right. Book Title: "Septuaginta interpretum ... quem ex antiquissimo MS. codicè Alexandrino accurate descriptum ... / Summa cura edidit Joannes Ernestus Grabe. Author: Grabe, Joannes Ernestus (1666-1711). Link
1707-1720. Image Title: Desecration of the Temple. 1 Maccabees 1. Description: Soldiers of the Seleucid emperor King Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r. 175–163 BCE) loot and desecrate the Temple in Jerusalem. The engraver, J. Cole, has left his signature in the lower right. Book Title: "Septuaginta interpretum ... quem ex antiquissimo MS. codicè Alexandrino accurate descriptum ... / Summa cura edidit Joannes Ernestus Grabe." Author: Grabe, Joannes Ernestus (1666-1711). Language: Greek. Source: Link
1707. Interpretation of the Cosmas Indicopleustes from the year 550 AD. The lamps as doves, Christian symbol of the Holy Spirit. Title: "Collectio Nova Patrum Et Scriptorum Graecorum, Eusebii Caesariensis, Athanasii, & Cosmae Aegyptii... Sancti Patris Nostri Athanasii Opuscula secundis curis reperta... Cosmae Indicopleustae Christianorum opinio de mundo ... Eusebii commentaria in Hesaiam." Author: Athanasius. BSB Germany, Signature: Res/2 P.gr.c. 112-2. Link1, Link 2 (1864)
1707. Map of Jerusalem with the Temple equipment and menorah. Print maker: Jan Luyken. publisher: Henri Desbordes, Amsterdam. Illustratie in: La sainte Bible, qui contient le Vieux et le Nouveau Testament. Amsterdam: Henri Desbordes, Pieter Mortier en Pierre Brunel, 1707, dl 1. Source: Link
1708. Print maker: Jan Luyken. Four biblical performances on a non-cut sheet. On top of the building of the tabernacle under the direction of Moses, on top of the golden candlestick (menorah), burning incense and the table with the showbread in the tabernacle. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3
1709. Septuagint. Title: "Vetus testamentum ex versione septuaginta interpretum: Secundum Exemplar Vaticanum Romae editum" by Lambertus Bos. Source: Link
1709. Image Title: Tabernacle and Ritual Objects. Book Title: Introduction à l'écriture Sainte. : Ou l'on traite tout ce qui concerne les Juifs ... Enrichie de plusieurs figures. / Traduite du Latin du R. Pere Lamy... Author: Lamy, Bernard, 1640-1715. Description: The tabernacle, altar for the burnt offering, movable stand, tabernacle frame, altar of incense, Ark of the Covenant, table with the bread of presence, and lampstand. Source: Link
1709. Title: III menorah eliche. Series title: Acta Eruditorum. Language: Latin. Place of publication: Leipzig, Germany. Source: Link
1710. Omek Halacha, illustrationss and explanations of Talmudical treatises, by Rabbi Ya'akov Koppelman son of R' Shmuel Bunim. A book about Jewish geography and realia published in Amsterdam. Contains dozens of illustrations and diagrams explaining difficult Talmudic treatises. Source: Link1, Link2
1711. German book about the secrets of the tabernacle from Conrad Mel. "Der Tabernackel: Oder Gründliche Beschreibung Der Stiffts-Hütte, Sampt allem ihren Theilen und Heiligem Geräthe, als: Bundes-Lade, güldenen Altar, Leuchter...". Frankfurt. Regensburg, Staatliche Bibliothek -- 999/Script.904. Source: Link
1714. Dutch Bible. Dordrecht. Title: "Biblia. Dat is de gantsche H. Schrifture vervattende alle de Canonijcke Boecken des Ouden en des Nieuwen Testaments; Uyt de oorspronckelicke talen in onse Nederlandtsche tale getrouwelick over geset". Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, BSB-Katalog -> Rar. 2277-1. Source: Link
1715. Seven-armed menorah in the Old Testament of the St. Wenceslas Bible (Svatováclavská bible). City Museum and Gallery Polička, Czech Republic, Shelfmark: K 378, Manuscriptorium.com. Source: Link
1715-1777. The Marriage of the Virgin, after Ludovico Carracci (please see Cerracci 1590); temple interior with high priest officiating between Joseph and the Virgin Mary, with onlookers, one wearing a turban, a seated woman with a child, and an altar beyond with seven-light candlestick (menorah) Red chalk, on pale buff paper. Dimensions: Height: 415 mm, Width: 320 mm. The British Museum, number 2005,0430.4. Source: Link
1715-1721 and 1744-1752. Aaron in the Tabernacle; Headpiece of Priest in the Holy of Holies. Description: As high priest, Aaron burns incense in the tabernacle. Title: Ioan. Francisci Bvddei ... Historia ecclesiastica Veteris Testamenti : ab orbe condito vsqve ad Christvm natvm : variis obseruationibvs illvstrata. Author: Joannes Franciscus Buddeus (1667-1729). Source: Link1, Link2
1716. Title: Sefer sod Adonai im scharwit ha-sahaw. Pruning book by Arje ben Juda Leib. Braginsky Family Collection, BCB_173. Source: Link
1716. Menorat ha-Maor, Isaac Aboab [Yemen]: Scribe: Sa’adya ben Shalom ben Sa’adya ben Joseph ben Shlomo Al-Kati-‘i, 5476 (1716). Menorat ha-Ma'or was one of the most popular works of religious edification among the Jews of the Middle Ages. Written "for the ignorant and the learned, the foolish and the wise, the young and the old, for men and for women," the work has had over 70 editions and printings and has been translated into Spanish, Ladino, Yiddish, and German. Source: Link
1717. Antique print of the Sacred Vessels, the Tabernacle, Temple of Ezechiel and the Sacred Vessels , published by F. Halma. This antique copper engraving was printed in 1717 is in a fine condition, after consolidation of a weak place of the center fold (not visible on the front). Overall size: The overall size is 13,5 inch x 9 3/4 inch. Image size: The image size is 13 inch x 8,5 inch. Source: Link1 Link2
1717. Title: II menorah. Series title: Acta Eruditorum. Language: Latin. Place of publication: Leipzig, Germany. It shows the menorah of the arch of Titus and two other forms. Source: Link
1720. 1729, 1755. German Luther Bible, printed in Nürnberg (Publisher: Endter). Title: "Biblia, Das ist: Die gantze Heilige Schrifft, deß Alten und Neuen Testaments." This menorah representation differs markedly in form from other images in other Luther Bibles. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Germany and ERARA Switzerland. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4
1720. Shiviti printed on paper. Holland. 7 stemmed menorah at center. Flanked by Moses and Aaaron. Picture of the Akeidat Yitzchak on the bottom. With a note that this prayer should be recited during the blessing of the new month and during the holidays. Solitary leaf. 10x12 cm. Excellent condition. This rich engraving appears on the title page of the Amsterdam Pentateuch printed in 1726, there the title page is signed by Picart. Winners-Auctions 397. Source: Link
1722. Title: Golden seven-armed candlestick. Large copper engraving by Calmet 1722. Publisher: Paris: Emery pere & fis. Source: Link
18th century. Title: Candelabrum aureum. Candelabra (menorah) with seven arms with its lamps lit from which smoke comes out. Various objects appear at the foot of the chandelier on the ground. Latin sign. Author Drawing: Gottfried, J. Made in France. Museo Sefardi in Toldeo, Spain; Inventory No: 0549/019. Source: Link
1725. The Golden Menorah. Original antique etching. Judaica, Bible. Pollakmaps. Source: Link
18th century. Candelabrum Aureum, the Menorah and its Vessels. A part of a collection of some 11 engravings from important books about Jewish customs by Picart, Luyken and others, Europe, 18-19th century. Source: Link
1725. Birkat ha-mason. Miniature booklet (for women) with prayers and additions to the holidays. On the title page it says that the manuscript under the rule of Emperor Kaiser Karl VI. (1685-1740) was made in Nikolsburg. The writer was Samuel ben Zewi Hirsch Dresnitz from Nikolsburg. Braginsky Family Collection, BCB_328. Source: Link
1725. Birkat ha-mason. Miniature prayer book. The booklet was probably a wedding present for a woman. It was written in collaboration with two Viennese representatives of Jewish book art: Aaron Wolf Herlingen wrote the title page and Meschullam Simmel ben Moses from Polona produced the other drawings. Braginsky Family Collection, BCB_344. Source: Link
1725. Order of Blessings for Meals…Occasional Blessings…and the Order of Prayers for Women… (Seder Tikun Se'udah…Birkot ha-Nehenin…ve-Seder Nashim…), Vienna (Austria) or Dresden (Germany)? 25 leaves (3 3/4 x 2 1/2 in.; 95 x 64 mm). Written in square Ashkenazic Hebrew script, usually vocalized. Eight illustrations in watercolor and gouache, a menorah formed from the text of Psalm 67 (7v). Sothebys. Source: Link
1726-1775. Foederis arca. Copper engraving by Johannes Baptist Klauber and Joseph Sebastian Klauber. The picture shows Maria, the Ark of the Covenant and Menorah (top right). Place of production: Augsburg, Germany. Dimensions: height x width: 151 x 98 mm (sheet). © Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel (Germany), Inventarnummer Graph. A1: 1340. Source: Link1, Link2
1726/1730. Braunschweig Siddur with menorah and two lions. Location: Wolfenbüttel Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Germany, Shelf mark: R 2387. This image belongs to the ''Ursula and Kurt Schubert Archive'' in the Center for Jewish Art. Source: Link
1726/27 (5487). Title: "Birkat ham-māzôn : ke-minhag aškenaz we-Pôlîn ; doś benšn..." Blessings over the food. Schlomo Zalman Aptrod, Mosche Ben-Gamburg. Language: Hebrew; Yiddish. Printed in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt. Source: Link1 Link2 Link3 (Please see also a similar picture from 1593)
1727. Hermanni von der Hardt Apologiae Tertiae Contra Philosophum Hallensem Donum XXI. Candelabrum Aureum. Author: Hermann von der Hardt. Origin: Helmstadii, Germany. Source: Link
1728. Transcribed title: Seder Birkat ha-mazon. The menorah has 8 arms. Scribe: Unknown; Shmuel ben Zvi Dreznitz has been suggested by earlier research. Hebrew text and Yiddish instructions in vaybertaytsh (cursive script). Place of origin Nikolsburg (now Czech Republic but earlier a German-speaking village with a large proportion of the Jewish population). Medium: Parchment. Size: 116 x 80 mm (average). National Library of Denmark, Shelf mark: Cod. Heb. 32. Source: Link
1728. Illustration with a menorah from the "Figures de la Bible"; illustrated by Gerard Hoet (1648–1733) and others, and published by P. de Hondt in The Hague; image courtesy Bizzell Bible Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries. Source: Link
1728/29 (5498). Minhāgîm: wi man zich noheg in Aškenaz dś gontzi jor oich Polin, Pihem Mehrhn ... fil dinim ... šeini naiei kupfr šṭich..." Jewish Customs. Author: Isaak from Tyrnau (Yitsḥaḳ Aiziḳ Tirna). Language Hebrew; Yiddish. Seven-branched Menorah. Printed in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt. Source: Link1 Link2 (please see a similar menorah picture from 1593)
1729. The pleasant gallery of the world. Title: "La galerie agréable du monde, où l'on voit en un grand nombre de cartes très exactes et de belles tailles douces les principaux empires, roïaumes, républiques, provinces, villes, bourgs et forteresses." Graphics from Luyken, Mulder, Goerée, Baptist, Stopendaal. Author: Van Der Aa, Pieter Boudewyn. Language: French. Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Estampes et photographie, PET FOL-VX-110. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4
1729. Antique print, titled: 'Ierusalem.' This map shows a bird's eye plan of the ancient city of Jerusalem with the temple of Solomon based on Villalpando's foundation map. Daniel and Bastiaan Stoopendaal made maps for the so-called Keur Bibles (published from 1666-1756). Source: Link
1732. Antique Print Tabernacle, Menorah, Feast, Sukkot, Moses. From Flavius Josephus' "Alle de Werken […] De Histori van den Oorlog der Jooden tegen de Romeynen […] daarby gevoegd de Vyf Boeken van Egesippus" (Amsterdam: Marten Schagen). Artists and Engravers: Made by an anonymous engraver after 'Jan Luyken'. Jan Luyken (1649-1712) belonged to the best engravers of the period. Source: Link
1733. In 1717 a young Armenian Catholic priest, Mekhitar Sebastatsi (Mekhitar of Sebastia [present-day Sivas, Turkey], 1676‒1749), founded a Benedictine Armenian Catholic Monastery on the island of San Lazzaro in Venice. In 1733 Mekhitar published a Bible that was in essence the same text, although with some editing, of the Oskan Bible, the first complete printing of the Bible in Armenian that was produced in 1666 by Oskan Erewants‘i (Oskan of Yerevan, 1614‒74) at his shop in Amsterdam. Link
1736. German Luther Bible. Title: "Biblia, Das ist: Die gantze Heilige Schrifft, Alten und Neuen Testaments. Nach denen ersten, ältesten und bewährtesten Auflagen mit Fleiß übersehen, und aufs fleißigste corrigiret ... ; Weiter Die drey Haupt-Symbola und Augspurg..." Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg (Shelfmark: H00/2 THL-II 38 b). Source: Link
1736. Title: "Birkat ha-mazon, tiḳun ḳeriʼat shemaʻ, tefilot be-Yidish." The picture shows the Hannukah menorah (and hanging of Haman at the same page). But this is NOT the biblical menorah because it has 8 arms and the form is also different. The later editions of this book show a seven-armed chandelier. Jewish Theological Seminary Library, Manuscript. 4432a. Dr. G.Bennett and Dr. L. Polonsky Digitization Project. Source: Link1, Link2
1736. Title: "Seder Birkat ha-mazon" (Grace after meals). Manuscript. (fol 4r) Hannukah menorah (and the hanging of Haman at the same page). Language: Yiddish and Hebrew. New York, The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary, MS 8230. Digitization funded by the Dr. Georgette Bennett and Dr. Leonard Polonsky Digitization Project. Source: Link1, Link2
1738. Title: De mensa facierum ejusque mysterio libellus ... Publisher: Johann Andreas Bauer in Halle, Germany. Binding: Hardcover. The first two, each in its first edition, concern the altar and the Lord's Supper and the Menorah, the holy seven-armed candlestick, explained and interpreted according to the Bible. Source: Link
1738. Jerusalem Holy land. Vignettes engraved by Daniel Stoopendaal. Taken from the Dutch Keur State Bible, by Jacob and Hendrik Keur Anno 1738. The Keur Bibles contain six large double page maps. Source: Link
1740. Ark of the covenant and objects from the tabernacle. Ark of the covenant, in which tablets of the law are kept. Above that, two cherubs. On the right is a menorah. Thereby crockery for the wine offerings and a table with the showbread. Left: Aaron in priestly robes. A title above the performance. Below six verses and a reference to Exodus 25: 8-11. The print is part of an album. Christoffel of Shechem (II), Veit Rudolf Specklin, Hans Holbein (II). Rijksmuseum. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4
1740. "Catholische Mayntzische Bibel," German Catholic Bible from Mainz (where the printing press was invented), printed in Frankfurt. Contains the text of the edition printed in Mainz in 1662 by Caspar Ulenberg (1549-1617). The picture is a copy of M. Merian (Icones Biblicae) from 1625-1630, which was previously used in the Luther Bible. Protestants and Catholics have used the same pictures. The menorah has a clear structure, but the 22 almond blossoms can not be seen. Source: Link
1740. Seder Birkat haMazon u'Birkot haNehenin (Grace After Meals and other blessings), an illustrated manuscript on vellum with colorful illustrations, produced by a scribe of a court Jew in Europe, style of the famous scribes Aaron Wolf Herlingen and Meshulam Zimmel. Austria/Germany. Instructions written in Yiddish and Hebrew. Page 5: Two miniatures accompany the additional texts recited on Chanukah and Purim: the first, a man lighting a menorah; the second, the hanging of Haman's sons. Winner's Auctions. Link
1741. Divine Judgment. A historiated headpiece depicting an angel holding a dagger and a scale (representing judgment) while hovering above signs of destruction: the Ark of the Covenant is toppled, people are dead, fleeing or grieving and the city burns. The presence of God is indicated in by the single eye above the angel. "Histoire générale des cérémonies, moeurs et coutumes religieuses de tous les peuples du monde [microforme] : représentées en 243 figures..." Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4
1741. Conegliano Ketubbah. The four Sanctuary Implements enclosed in the angular medallions are: on the upper right, the Laver and its stand (Ex. 30:18 ff.), and, on the upper left, the seven branches Menorah with its vessels (Ex. 25:31ff.), in the lower right side of the frame, the Ark with the Cherubs (Ex. 25:10 ff.) and, in the lower left, the Shewbread table. Origin: Italy, Conegliano Veneto. Österreichische Nationalbib. (ÖNB), Shelf mark: Cod. Hebr. 136. Center for Jewish Art. Source: Link
1742. History of the people of God, from its origin until the birth of the Messiah. Title: "Histoire du peuple de Dieu, depuis son origine jusqu'à la naissance du Messie." Author: Isaac-Joseph Berruyer (1681-1758). Language: French. Bibliothèque nationale de France. Source: Link
1743. Tabernacle and church utensils with menorah (Tabernakel und Kirchengerät). Artist: M. Verheyden (draftsman) and Pieter Yver (engraver). Dimensions: height x width: 211 x 252 mm (sheet) & 207 x 247 mm (sheet). © Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel (Germany), Inventarnummer Graph. A1: 2870a. Source: Link1, Link2
1743. Antique Bible Print Setting Up of the Tabernacle by J. Luyken. 1. The setting up of the tabernacle. 2. The gold menorah, the incense altar, and the table of showbread. 3. The magnificent cherubim over the Ark of the Covenant. 4. Celebration of the feast of tabernacles. This print originates from "Biblia Sacra, dat is, de H. Schriftuer van het Oude, en het Nieuwe Testament, naer de laetste Roomsche keure der gemeine Latijnsche overzettinge, in nederduitsch vertaeld..., Utrecht..." Source: Link
1743. Frankfurt a.M. Menorat Hamor by Isaac Aboab. Menorat ha-Ma'or, ("Candlestick of Light"), one of the most popular works of religious edification among the Jews in the Middle Ages. Written "for the ignorant and the learned, the foolish and the wise, the young and the old, for men and for women," the work has had over 70 editions and printings (1st ed. Constantinople, 1514; Jerusalem, 1961) and has been translated into Spanish, Ladino, Yiddish, and German. Source: Link
1747. "De tabernakel, of Breedvoerige beschryving van de tente der t'zamenkomste". "The tabernacle, or Wide description of the tenth of the congregation, as well as all its parts and sacred tools ...: As well as the scriptural examination of the excellent mysteries and gentlemanly examples: how in it are the Lord Christ and the church of the New Testament..." Author: Conrad Mel. Contributors: Losel, Philippus (Rotterdam), Losel, Jakobus. Publisher: Phillippus en Jakobus Losel. Source: Link1, Link2
1749. Silesian (German) Bible (Schlesische Bibel) by Gottfried Hensel. Title: "Biblia Mnemonico-Emphatica, oder: Sinnreich Disponirte Bibel: Darinnen die Heilige Schrift in ihrer Wunderbaren Connexion, als ein herrliches Lehr-Systema des Heiligen Geistes." Printed in Silesia (Hirschberg, Breßlau, Breslau), Germany; but most of Silesia belongs to Poland since World War II. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Germany, P_Drucke_VD18. Source: Link1, Link2
1750. Siddur Tefilla me-ha-Arizal mi-Kol ha-Shanah (Order of Prayer for the Entire Year According to Rabbi Isaac Luria), Yampol (Ukraine). Scribe: Moses ben Joseph of Luboml. Sothebys. Source: Link
1750. Mizrah, manuscript. Germany. Mizrah, roller placed on the west wall of the house indicating the direction to Jerusalem, with the illustration of the great Jewish feasts, Pentecost-Shavu’ot, with the reading of the books of the law, the Atonement-Yom Kippur, Easter-Passover, New Year-Rosh Hashanah, Feast of Lights-Hanukkah or Chanukah, manuscript. Jerusalem, Museo Di Israele (History Museum). Source: Link
1751. 18th century map of Egypt, Arabia and the Middle East, Israel. Golden Menorah with 22 "almond blossons." Engraving With Hand Coloring. Private Collection. ©Corbis. 1000museums.com. Source: Link
1751. Title: Seder birkat ha-mason. It is a collection of prayers and blessings. Probably this book was a wedding present for a woman, because it also contains rules especially for women. On the title page is the name of the place, Deutschkreuz (Translated: "German Cross", a village in Burgenland, Germany), but the word "cross" in the Hebrew language was avoided and only circumscribed. Author, Illustrator: Aaron Wolf Herlingen. Braginsky Family Collection, BCB_217. Source: Link
1752. Book of counting the Omer. Origin: Italy, Emilia Romagna, Modena. On a full page, the text of Psalm 67 is written in the shape of 7 branched Menorah. Small fire flames are emerging from the top of each branch. National Library of Israel, Heb. 8°981. Photograph Copyright: Center for Jewish Art. Source: Link1, Link2
1752. L'Histoire Du Vieux Et Du Nouveau Testament, representee Avec Des Explications Édifiantes Tirées Des Saints Pères Pour Régler Les Moeurs Dans Toutes fortes De Conditions. Par seu Monsieur le Maitre De Sacy sous le nom du Sieur De Royaumont Prieur. Please also look at the picture of 1770 below. Source: Link
1752. Sefer Birkhot ha-Nehenin im Sefirat ha-Omer (Occasional Blessings and the Order of the Counting of the Omer), Manuscript on Parchment, Written and Illustrated by Isaac Zelig, son of Samson Pesseles, Fürth, Germany. Folio 11r contains an image of a menorah with the verses from Psalm 67 written within. The combination of the seven-branched menorah and Psalm 67 was thought to have mystical and amuletic qualities. Source: Link
1753. Liber epistolarum ad usum Ecclesiae metropolitanae Parisiensis (Translated: "The book of letters to the use of the metropolitan Church of Paris"). Language: Latin. Page 83: candelabra with seven branches (menorah) in the form of a tree of life. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Manuscrits, Latin 8895. Source: Link
1753. The seven-branched candlestick (Der siebenarmige Leuchter) by Johann Michael Wolcker (1702-1784; German painter). Ceiling painting of the Catholic church (Stadtpfarrkirche) of St. Bartholomäus (St. Bartholomew) and St. Georg (St. George), located in the old town of Volkach in the Bavarian district of Kitzingen. German painter: Johann M. Wolcker (1702-1784) © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg, Schnell und Steiner, Roman von Götz, Foto: Götz, Roman von; Aufn.-Datum: 2004. Source: Link
1753. An attractive signed eighteenth-century Hebrew decorated manuscript from Kittsee (Habsburg, now Eastern Austria). Grace after meals and various other prayers and blessings, with Yiddish indications. Copied and decorated by Hayyim ben Asher Anshel. Christie's, Sale 2059, Lot 114. Source: Link
1754. Menorah. Title: Davidis Millii Miscellanea sacra Jesaiæ caput LIV. Psalmos CXXI & CXXII. : Aliaque argumenta tam theologica quam exegetica enucleantia & exponentia. / Inter illa eminent duæ dissertationes, quarum altera demonstratur obligatio hominis christiani ad sacram cœnam. Alter complectitur errores virorum doctorum in delineando tabernaculo Mosis; figuris æneis illustrata & ornata. Binis orationibus adjectis. Author: Mill, David (1692-1756). Language: Latin, Hebrew, Greek. Link
1755. Title: "Biblia das ist die ganze Heil. Schrift Alten und Neuen Testamentes: mit 128 saubern Kupferstichen..." ("Bible, This is the entire Holy Scripture of the Old and New Testaments: with 128 clean copper engravings..."). Onolzbach, Publisher: Billing und Endert. BSB, Signature: 40.2228. Source: Link1, Link2
1756. Swiss Bible with Psalms by Ambrosius Lobwasser. Title: "Biblia Sacra, das ist: Die ganze heil. Schrift Alt- und Neuen Testaments : aus den Grund-Sprachen treulich und wohl übersezt; mit Summarien, richtiger Eintheilung der biblischen Bücher, Capitel und Versen, auch vilen Schrift-Stellen auf das sorgfältigste versehen. Worzu annoch die Lobwasserische Psalmen samt den nöthigen Fäst-Gesängen zu vier Stimmen angefügt sind". Zentralbibliothek Zürich. ERARA. Source: Link
1756. Damaged polychrome painting of menorah, Hebrew lampstand, at synagogue in Bobowa, Roznow Foothills, Western Carpathians, Malopolska, Poland. Source: Link
1756-1757. Monastery church Baumburg St. Margareth (Kloster Baumburg, Germany). The German painter Felix Anton Scheffler (1701-1760) mainly painted frescoes and altarpieces in high baroque style. With his last works, especially St. Margaretha in Baumburg, he turned to the rococo. Source: Link
1758-60. A German Parcel-Gilt Silver Hanukah Lamp, George Kahlert the Younger, Breslau, Silesia (since WW2 most of Silesia belongs to Poland). The backplate chased with a menorah topped by a shell, and engraved with ha-Nerot Hallaluwithin cartouches topped by cherub heads, all flanked by figures of Judith with sword and head of Holofernes and wearing a Jewish hat and servant with pitcher and torch, plain scalloped base, scroll feet, height 12 in. 30.4cm, 35oz, 1089g. Source: Link
1760. German Image Bible. Title: "Curieuse Bilder-Bibel oder die vornehmsten Sprüche heiliger Schrifft in Figuren vorgestellt: wodurch der zarten Jugend dieselben spielend in das Gedächtniß gebracht und zugleich die vornehmsten Dinge in der Welt nach ihrer Gestalt und Ansehen auf eine angenehme und ergötzende Art bekannt gemacht werden." Printed in Nürnberg by Raspe. Universitätsbibliothek Rostock: Fm-4940, VD18 12934844, Source: Link
1761-76. Silver Torah shield with menorah, Landschul Synagogue, manufactured in Breslau in Silesia (Schlesien, Germany). Exhibition: Judaism in the History of Silesia. Catalogue of the works published by the association "Jewish Museum Breslau" (German: "Katalog der vom Verein 'Jüdisches Museum Breslau' in den Räumen des Schlesischen Museums für Kunstgewerbe und Altertümer..."). Printed 1929 in Breslau. Since the WW2 Breslau (Wroclaw) and most of Silesia came to Poland. Source: Link
1761. Synagogue in Łańcut (German: Landshut), Southern side of the bimah. The Baroque synagogue in Łańcut (South Poland) is a rare surviving example of the four-pillar, vaulted synagogues that were built throughout the Polish lands in both wood and masonry from the sixteenth through the early 19th centuries. Two deer supporting a cartouche with a crown are depicted in the center. Inscription painted in 1935: "And this work of the candelestick (Numbers 8:4)." Center for Jewish Art. Link
1763-1764. Putti with the seven-branched lampstand ("Putti mit dem siebenarmigen Leuchter") by Johann Jakob Zeiller (1708-1783), an Austrian painter. The Ottobeuren Abbey (German: Benediktinerkloster Ottobeuren) is located in Ottobeuren, near Memmingen in the Bavarian Allgäu, Germany. © Bildarchiv Foto Marburg, Foto: unknown; Aufn.-Datum: 1943.02. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3
18th century. Hanukkah Lamp Backplate. Place Made: Europe. Medium: Silver: repoussé and punched. Dimensions: 11 1/4 × 10 1/2 × 1/8 in. (28.6 × 26.7 × 0.4 cm). The Jewish Museum. Source: Link
18th century. Leipzig, Germany. Hanukkah lamp inscribed with blessings, and adorned with warriors, lions, and bears. The menorah appears in the center of the back panel. Inscribed in Hebrew with the blessings over the lights, along with the passage "We kindle these lights..." The figures of Moses and Aaron are depicted in a folk style. Photo © Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Source: Link1, Link2
18th century. Turin, Italy. Hanukkah lamp with hand pouring oil from jug to menorah. Brass, cast, and brass sheet (fonts are missing). Dimensions: L: 35; W: 28 cm. Photo © Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Source: Link
18th century. Netherlands. Hanukkah lamp adorned with depictions of Menorah flanked by two figures. Sheet brass, repoussé and punched. Dimensions: H: 35; W: 26.2; D: 7.3 cm. The Stieglitz Collection was donated to the Museum with the contribution of Erica and Ludwig Jesselson, New York, to American Friends of the Israel Museum. Photo © Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Source: Link
18th-19th century. Synagogue of Mondovi (Piemont, Italy): The Torah Ark with menorah with golden almond blossoms. The baroque synagogue is located in Via Vico 65, in the center of the former Jewish ghetto. It is no longer used as there is no Jewish community in the village. Source: Link
1766. Print made by Louis Germain. "Allegory to Chevalier de Beau-Chaine, with in the upper part a throne room, with the King (?) sitting on the left, courtiers gathered in the background, and on the right a monument showing Hercules and an eagle amidst trophies of arms laid at the bottom of an obelisk; below, a separate scene representing religious objects (the Tablets of the Law, the Ark of the Covenant, the Menorah, and an altar)... Noah's Ark sailing in the distance." Source: Link
1767. Haggadah Shel Pesach. Beit Chorin. Metz (France). With the commentaries of Rabbi Moshe Alshich, Gevurot Hashem by the Maharal, Ollelot Efraim by Rabbi Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz. At the end of the book is a large map (with German Text) of the travels of the Jewish people, surrounded by illustrations of all of the Temple vessels (incl. menorah). Winners-Auction, No. 098. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3
18th century. seven-armed menorah. Exhibitions of the "Menora" exhibition 2017 in the Vatican, including a menorah with gilded wood, Florence, Italy. Vatican Museum. Source: Link
1770. A German silver Hanukah lamp, possibly from Dresden. Shaped arched backplate embossed and chased with a gentleman lighting a menorah, ewer and basin adjacent, rococo border with flower and fruit sprays, lamps with ruffled edges matched on the spoon-form servant light. Marked with Austrian control mark for 1809-10, on back plate, lamp rack and servant light. Size: height 8 1/4 in. 21 cm. Sothebys. Source: Link
1770. French illustrated bible. "Bible illustrée, Lemaistre de Sacy. L'histoire du Vieux et du Nouveau Testament, représentée avec des figures & des explications édifiantes…" Source: Link
1770. German Martin Luther Bible, printed in Schafhausen. Title: "Biblia, Das ist: Die ganze Heilige Schrift Alten und Neuen Testaments." Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen-Nürnberg (Shelfmark: H00/2 THL-II 38 c). Source: Link
1771. Title: "Histoire de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament, représentée en 586 figures: avec un discours abrégé au bas de chaque figure, qui en explique le sujet: ouvrage utile pour l'instruction de la jeunesse." Contributor: Rondet, Laurent-Étienne (1717-1785). Publisher: In Paris, at Jean-Thomas Hérissant's house. Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Arsenal, 8-T-1655. Source: Link1, Link2
1771. Title: "Sefirat ha-ʻomer ʻim tefilat minḥah u-maʻariv u-mizmorim u-ḳ, Sh. al ha-miṭah u-virkat ha-levanah..." - Menorah formed with words from Psalm 67 (fol. 19r) and formed with words of prayer Ana ba-koaḥ (fol. 19v). Languages: Hebrew and Judeo-German (Yiddish). Amsterdam. Shelfmark: New York, The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary, MS 4430. Source: Link1, Link2
1771. Sa'adya Ga'on, Tafsir (882-942) – Judaeo-Arabic translation of the Torah in a late adaptation of Iraqi provenance; fols. 126r-139r contain calendrical texts. Origin: Iraq by Tivit b. Rahamim Yishaq Jazawi. Text: Oriental semi-cursive. Fol. 123v: Colophon. Fol. 124r: Shivviti – Menora with names of God. University of Hamburg (Germany), Signature: Codex Levy 6. Source: Link1, Link2
1771. Italian comments to the Bible. Joannis Stephani Menochii Commentarii totius Sacrae Scripturae ex optimis quibusque auctoribus collecti, luculentissimo supplemento locupletati a doctissimo patre Renato Josepho Tournemine atque in tres tomos distributi..." Menochio, Giovanni Stefano - Tournemine, Rene Joseph. Published by apud Remondini, Bassani, sed prostant Venetiis. Source: Link
1772-73. Torah Ark Curtain and Valance by Jacob Koppel Gans from Bavaria, Germany. Since Jews were generally not allowed to join guilds in German-speaking lands before their emancipation in the 19th century, early signed works of ceremonial art made by Jewish artists are exceedingly rare, if one discounts works of folk art made by untrained craftsmen. This Torah curtain and matching valance are exceptions. The Jewish Museum NY. Source: Link
1772-1774. Costume of the ancient peoples. Title: "Costume des anciens peuples. Partie 2." Author: André-Bardon, Michel-François d' (1700-1783). Publisher: C.-A. Jombert (Paris). Language: French. Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Philosophie, histoire, sciences de l'homme, G-7988. Source: Link
1773. Jesus Christ and the adulteress. Eredi, Benedetto (engraver); Allegranti, Ranieri (draftsman); Cecchi, Giovanni Battista (engraver); Allori, Alessandro (Inventor and painter). Italian school. After the painting by A. Allori (1535-1607) from 1577. Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum, Germany. Source: Link
1774-1784. Moses, Aaron and Christ symbolize the Old and New Testaments (Mozes, Aäron en Christus symboliseren het Oude en Nieuwe Testament) by Simon Fokke. Christ (NT) reveals Moses and Aaron (OT). Aaron wears the rich clothing of a high priest, behind Moses are the two stone tablets with the Ten Commandments. Above is the personification of the Church with a cross on a cloud. On the left is Aaron's menorah and the Ark of the Covenant. Rijksmuseum. Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4
1774-1775. Torah mantel. Red velvet coat of arms, high-German model, with embroidered inscriptions and decoration on deck and along side panels. Deck and lower edge trimmed with gold band, bottom also with golden fringe. The embroidery on the front consists of a crown as a symbol for the Torah, supported by two lions. Under the crown the tables of the law are depicted with the ten commandments. To the right is the golden seven-armed menorah. Source: Link1, Link2
18th century. Upper right door with Menorah, Torah Ark in Menahem Zion Synagogue, Saluzzo, Italy. Center for Jewish Art. Source: Link
18th century (4th quarter). Plaque with biblical presentation (angel announcing to Zachariah about St. John the Baptist's birth), Harlingen (Buiten de Kerkpoort), painter: Jan Eelkes Kroonenburg; size: 14½x21½ cm. The priest Zacharias was according to the Bible married to Elizabeth and father of John the Baptist. In the Nativity story (Lk 1), the birth of John is announced to his old father Zachariah by the Archangel Gabriel during his priestly service in the Temple of Jerusalem. Source: Link
1775. Map of the Twelve Tribes of Israel (detail of the cartouch). Rigobert Bonne. From: "Atlas moderene..." Par plusier auters, Paris 1771-83. Photo © Israel Museum, Jerusalem, by Ilan Sztulman. Source: Link
1777. Kabbalistic writings of Abraham Sanigaglia. Language: Hebrew. A drawing of a candlestick, in pen and ink. But the form does not correspond to the biblical but to a Kabbalistic menorah. British Library Add MS 27133, Fol 4r. Source: Link
1783. Torah Curtain of the Synagogue Community in Langendorf (Upper Silesia), Germany. After the end of WW2, the German population was expelled while Polish population was settled. The largest part of Silesia belongs now to Poland. Exhibition: Judaism in the History of Silesia. Catalogue of the works published by the association "Jewish Museum Breslau" (German: "Katalog der vom Verein "Jüdisches Museum Breslau"). Printed 1929 in Breslau. Source: Link
1784. Masechet Purim, Manuscript. Parody with changes to the text, and an unknown poem. Ashkenazi handwriting. On each page a double frame has been drawn around the text. At the top of each page there is a title indicating the content of that page. At the end of the manuscript is an illustration of the seven-branched menorah. Winners-Auctions, No. 091. Source: Link
1785. Title: Moses. Producer name: After: William Collins (sculpted), Print made by: James Record, After: Ralph Willett. A bas-relief frieze, showing Moses standing holding a staff, left hand on the tablets of stone, looking away and down to left, in a decorated oval supported by Adam and Eve, who stands on the serpent, with neo-classical swags above laurel wreaths to either side, a menorah above the set to left, a table and pipes above the set to right. The British Museum. Source: Link
1788. This hieroglyphic Bible replaces some of the words of the text with pictures. Such Bibles were at one time very popular in Great Britain and America and were used as a means of teaching Scripture to children in a simple, and interesting way. Presented here is the first American hieroglyphic Bible. Source: Link
1789. Title: "Atlas Biblique ou Cartes et Figures de la Bible, avec des Explications [Material cartográfico] / Tirées des Écrits du Pere Bernard Lami... & de Dom Augustin Calmet... pour servir a l'intelligence du dictionaire historique et critique, dogmatique et moral de la Dainte Bible, Ouvrage entierement neuf par M. L. E. Rondet..." Author: Lamy, Bernard (1640-1715), Calmet, Augustin (1672-1757). Avignon: François Barthelemi. Biblioteca Digital Hispanica, GMm/1676. Source: Link1, Link2
1789. The seven-branched golden candelabrum of the Temple of Jerusalem by Jean Michel Moreau le Jeune (French, 1741 - 1814). Title: "Le chandelier d'or à sept branches du Temple de Jérusalem." Medium: pen and ink, wash. Size: 21 x 15,2 cm (8,3 x 6 in). Artnet. Source: Link
1789. An illustration from "La Sainte Bible, contenant l'Ancien et le Nouveau Testament, traduite en français sur la vulgate, par M. Le Maistre de Saci. Nouvelle édition, ornée de 300 Figures, Gravées (par ... C. Ponce), d'après les Dessins de M. Marillier." Part of the Medhurst Bible. Source: Link
1789. Title: Candelabrum Aureum. From: Antoine Augustin Calmet a French Benedictine monk was educated at the Benedictine priory of Breuil in the town of Commercy. Size: Sheet app.: 17.5 x 23.5 cm. 7 x 9.5 inches. Image app.: 12.5 x 17.5 cm. 4.75 x 7 inches. Source: Link
1789/90 (5550). Title page of the book. Title: "Sēfer Menôrat ham-mā'ôr: we-ze maʿaśē ham-menôrā ʿim 7 nērôt ... ʿim haʿtāqā li-lšôn aškenaz / ḥibberô ... Yiṣḥāq Abôhab." Language: Hebrew, Jiddisch. Printed in Zultzbach (Sulzbach, Germany) by Aharon Ben-Seckel. Univ.-Bibliothek Frankfurt/Main. Source: Link
1790-1820. Torah mantle from Moravia, Slovakia. The rectangular Torah mantle consists of a cloak and a lining. The bordeaux cloth is decorated at its center with the Tablets of covenant inscribed with the opening words of the Decalogue on a blue background. Underneath the Tablets there is a depiction of the show bread table and beside it a basin. The central lower part is decorated with a seven branched Menorah. Photograph Copyright: Center for Jewish Art. Source: Link
18th century. Pelmet for Torah ark. Most probably produced in Germany or in Bohemia. Pelmet embroidered with raised gold and silver thread and silver-gilt sequins on a crimson velvet ground, with a plain white linen lining. Depicted on the panels are implements from the Temple in Jerusalem (from left): the table with the twelve loaves of Shew Bread, the Laver, the Tablets of the Law, the Altar of the Eternal Fire, and the golden Menorah (candelabrum). Source: Link
1792. London. Macklin's Bible. Head-piece to the book of Deuteronomy, vignette with a menorah, an incense burner and rolled scrolls beside, ark with carrying handles behind at left; letterpress in two columns below and on verso. Etching. Thomas Macklin (1752-1800) was a British 18th-century printseller and picture dealer. Dimensions: Height: 480 mm, Width: 397 mm. The British Museum, number 1859,0312.250. Source: Link
1792. The Menorah. A print from the Bowyer Bible (print number 1432), a grangerised copy of Macklin's Bible in Bolton Museum and Achives, England. Robert Bowyer (1758-1834) was a British miniature painter and publisher. Source: Link
1793. Title: "Seder Birkat ha-mazon la-śovaʻ ṿe-lo la-razon, u-Virkat ha-nehenin, u-Ḳeriʼat Shema..." Includes: "Birkat ha-levanah; Sefirat ha-ʻomer." (fol 7r) Hannukah menorah (and the hanging of Haman at the same page). Fuerth, Germany. Shelfmark: New York, The Library of The Jewish Theological Seminary, MS 8252. Digitization funded by the Dr. Georgette Bennett and Dr. Leonard Polonsky Digitization Project. Source: Link1, Link2
1794-95. Sefirat ha-Omer. The "Counting of the Omer" is the ritual counting of the 49 days between Passover and Shavuot, the Feast of Weeks. In this manuscript, these days and their corresponding numbers, are inscribed in 49 quatrefoils. F. 18r shows a menorah with the 7 verses of Psalm 67. Parchment 10.6 x 7.6 cm, Amsterdam, Baruch ben Schemaria. Digitized by: Braginsky Collection, Zürich. Israel-Museum. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3, Link4
1794. The History of Humanity and the Triumph of Divine Wisdom, Old Testament Epoch by Franz Anton Maulbertsch (1724-1796, Austrian painter). Ceiling painting. This illustration has several big mistakes, because the Menorah of the Bible has 7 lamps (not 8) and has a different position of the 22 almond blossoms. Location: Prague, Strahov Monastery, Philosophical Library Hall. German title: "Die Menschheitsgeschichte und der Triumph der göttlichen Weisheit." Link1, Link2
1795. Goldsmith Francesco I Teoli (Rome, active from 1710 to 1719). Lamp for Chanukkà Menasci cups made by the goldsmith Filippo Piccardi (Rome, active from 1785 to 1810) silver engraved and embossed. Source: Link
18th century. Silver Torah Shield from Ukraine, Galicia. Hammered and cut silver. Decorations of vultures and ibex. The menorah has the form of a tree of life. A pair of lions holding the Stone Tablets. On the lower part, an inscription: "Leah Bat Yechiel". Size: 22x26 cm. Weight: 210 gr. Source: Link1, Link2
1796. Mahzor (Festival Prayers), Sephardic Rite, Scribe: Jacob Vitoria, Ottoman Empire. This handsome manuscript prayer book is a product of the vibrant Sephardic community that flourished in the Ottoman Empire, beginning in the centuries following the expulsion of Spanish and Portuguese Jews from the Iberian Peninsula. The characteristically graceful Sephardic calligraphy which adorns the pages of this manuscript was penned by the scribe Jacob Vitoria. Source: Link
1797. Torah shield with inscription, decorated with menorah. Nuremberg, Germany. Silver, repoussé, engraved, punched, and partly gilt. Hebrew inscriptions: "Shavuo[t]"; the Ten Commandments; "Lemli, son of Leib Segal and his wife Perl, daughter of Shmuel". Dimensions: H: 29; W: 26 cm. The Israel Museum. Source: Link
1797. The Triumphal Procession Carrying the Spoils from the Temple of Jerusalem, attributed to Jean-Guillaume Moitte (1746-1810) a French sculptor. This is a replica of the representation on the Arch of Titus in Rome from the 1st century. The form of the menorah shows Roman characteristics and does not correspond to the biblical information from the book Exodus (Structure of the Menorah). Source: Link
18th century. Miniature shiviti written and illustrated by hand on parchment. Italy. Brown ink, in the center is a Menatze’ach menorah and a pair of lions with double tails. In the frame are written verses “Know Before Whom You Stand." Source: Link
18th-19th century. A shiviti ("I have put (the Lord in front of me", Psalm 16:8), In the Sefardian culture, also called a mizrach ("east"), is traditionally used to help concentrate in studies and prayer. The text text contains different Bible verses and blessings written in the form of a menorah (symmetrical candlestick), which also provides associations to the Tree of Life. Det Kongelige Bibliotek, Denmark; Cod. Heb. 46:5; Cod. Heb. 46:5. Source: Link1, Link2, Link3
18th century. Manuscript on parchment, containing the "Arvit" prayer and "Seder Sfirat HaOmer" with "LaMenatze'ach" Menorah. Central or Eastern Europe (Moravia?). Square scribe script, with vowelization. The first word of each paragraph is in a larger font, sometimes in colorful or gilded ink. In some places colorful decorations of leaves and flowers encircle the letters. Sourcece: Link
18th century. Sidur according to a rite at Constantinople. Sidur minhag Sefarad. Includes a prayer of Morning Service for weekdays. Includes instructions in Ladino for the prayer book. Dimensions (leaf): 156-142 x 92 mm. Dimensions (written): 111-132 x 70-62 mm. British Library, Or 10290. Source: Link
18th-19th century. Iran. Shiviti amulet with menorah formed from the verses of Psalms 67. Silver, punched and engraved. Dimensions: H: 9.8; W: 5.6 cm. Israel Museum, Jerusalem. Source: Link
18th-19th century. Shivviti – Kabbalistic votive tablet and amulet. Eastern Europe. Parchment. 17.0 × 12.5 cm. This parchment leaf is an attachment to Codex Levy 45, a mohel book and depicts a shivviti. Shiviti is the first word in the Hebrew text of Psalm 16:8. This is one of the psalms recited at the end of Shabbat and is also part of the liturgy for funeral services. It commands us never to lose sight of the fact that we stand before God in everything. University Hamburg. Source: Link
Menorah Pictures from other Centuries:
Until the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th-10th, 11th-13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 21st Century
Note: It's nice to see the menorah pictures. However, according to the Bible Jesus (Hebrew Yeshua) is the true spiritual meaning behind the physical Menorah. He is the true and eternal spiritual
light: "I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life" (John 8:12). The menorah also symbolizes the Tree of Life, because
Jesus is the way to life: "I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me" (John 14:6). Jesus' Word and the Bible are the light in this world. "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path" (Ps
119:105 and John 1:1-17).
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